View source for Pilocarpine

==Administration==
*Type: [[Cholinergic]] agonist, Miotic
*Dosage Forms: Ophthalmic solution (1%, 2%, 4%); Tablets (5mg, 7.5mg)
*Routes of Administration: Ophthalmic, PO
*Common Trade Names: Isopto Carpine, Salagen

==Adult Dosing==
===General===
*Acute angle-closure glaucoma: 1-2% solution, 1-2 drops q15min x 3-4 doses
===Indications by Condition===
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==Pediatric Dosing==
===General===
*Same as adult ophthalmic dosing

==Special Populations==
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: C
*[[Lactation risk categories|Lactation risk]]: Not defined
===Renal Dosing===
*No adjustment for ophthalmic use
===Hepatic Dosing===
*Reduce oral dose in hepatic impairment

==Contraindications==
*Allergy to class/drug
*Acute iritis
*Pupillary block glaucoma

==Adverse Drug Reactions==
===Serious===
*Retinal detachment (rare)
*Bronchospasm (systemic absorption)
===Common===
*Miosis
*Brow ache
*Blurred vision
*Increased lacrimation

==Pharmacology==
*Onset of action: 10-30 minutes (ophthalmic)
*Duration: 4-8 hours
*Metabolism: At neuromuscular junction and plasma
*Excretion: Renal

==Mechanism of Action==
*Direct-acting parasympathomimetic that stimulates muscarinic receptors
*Contracts iris sphincter muscle (miosis) and ciliary muscle, opening trabecular meshwork

==See Also==
*[[Acute angle-closure glaucoma]]
*[[Glaucoma]]

==References==
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[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]