Brucella - Revision history

Danbot: Add Rifampin AntibioticDose entry

2026-03-20T10:57:54Z

Add Rifampin AntibioticDose entry

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 20 March 2026
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	===Post-exposure prophylaxis===		===Post-exposure prophylaxis===
	*Doxycycline x 6 weeks.		*Doxycycline x 6 weeks.


			===Antibiotic Dosing===
			*{{AntibioticDose\|drug=Rifampin\|dose=15-20mg/kg/day PO/IV in 1 or 2 divided doses for at least 6 weeks in combination with a [[tetracycline]]; MAX 600 to 900mg/day\|context=Brucellosis\|disease=Brucella\|population=Adult}}

Danbot: Add AntibioticDose entries: Rifampin

2026-03-20T10:57:33Z

Add AntibioticDose entries: Rifampin

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 20 March 2026
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	===Post-exposure prophylaxis===		===Post-exposure prophylaxis===
	*Doxycycline x 6 weeks.		*Doxycycline x 6 weeks.


			===Antibiotic Dosing===
			*{{AntibioticDose\|drug=Rifampin\|dose=15-20mg/kg/day PO/IV in 1 or 2 divided doses for at least 6 weeks in combination with a [[tetracycline]]; MAX 600 to 900mg/day\|context=Brucellosis\|disease=Brucella\|population=Adult}}

Danbot: Add AntibioticDose entries: Rifampin; strip translate tags

2026-03-20T10:57:14Z

Add AntibioticDose entries: Rifampin; strip translate tags

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 20 March 2026
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	===Post-exposure prophylaxis===		===Post-exposure prophylaxis===
	*Doxycycline x 6 weeks.		*Doxycycline x 6 weeks.


			===Antibiotic Dosing===
			*{{AntibioticDose\|drug=Rifampin\|dose=15-20mg/kg/day PO/IV in 1 or 2 divided doses for at least 6 weeks in combination with a [[tetracycline]]; MAX 600 to 900mg/day\|context=Brucellosis\|disease=Brucella\|population=Adult}}

	==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==		==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==

ClaireLewis at 14:31, 27 October 2020

2020-10-27T14:31:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:31, 27 October 2020
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	==Background==		==Background==
	Brucella are gram negative coccobacilli ~~and is a zoonosis~~ that causes brucellosis (also known as undulant fever, mediterranean fever, or malta fever)~~. They are facultative~~ intracellular pathogens ~~that~~ live in monocytes and macrophages in lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver and spleen. The clinical syndrome of brucellosis is manifested by an acute to sub-acute febrile illness, associated with fatigue, myalgias,joint pain, and headaches. Patients may also experience hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. Fever may "undulate" over days, which is why some describe the disease as "undulant fever." Patients may find symptoms are best in the morning and progressively worsen over the day. The acute illness can progress to a chronic illness. Incubation is 2-3 weeks but may also be insidious in onset.		*Brucella are gram negative coccobacilli
			*Zoonosis that causes brucellosis (also known as undulant fever, mediterranean fever, or malta fever)
			*Facultative intracellular pathogens, live in monocytes and macrophages in lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver and spleen.
	~~===Brucella~~ species~~===~~		*Several species, including Brucella melitensis (most patholgenic in humans, main hosts are goats/sheep), Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, Brucella canis, Brucella ceti, and Brucella pinnipediae
	~~There are several species of Brucella~~, including Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, Brucella canis, Brucella ceti, and Brucella pinnipediae. Brucella melitensis is the ~~most pathogenic in humans with its main hosts being goats and sheep. It has been eradicated~~ since ~~the~~ 1970s ~~in the United States~~ but cases still occur, mainly secondary to unpasteurized ~~diary~~ products from outside the ~~United States.~~ Brucella abortus' main host is cattle ~~and~~ cases ~~still~~ occur ~~secondary to~~ wild bison ~~and~~ elk. Brucella Suis' main host is swine ~~and cases result from contact with pigs and hogs.~~ Brucella canis' main host is ~~the dog.~~ Brucella ceti and pinnipediae find hosts in marine species ~~and is~~ cause of neurobrucellosis.		**Brucella melitensis eradicated in the US since 1970s, but cases still occur, mainly secondary to unpasteurized dairy products from outside the US
			**Brucella abortus' main host is cattle, cases occur from wild bison/elk
	Death from brucellosis occurs in only 2% of cases (CDC).		**Brucella Suis' main host is swine
			**Brucella canis' main host is dogs
			**Brucella ceti and pinnipediae find hosts in marine species, cause neurobrucellosis
			*Death from brucellosis occurs in only 2% of cases (CDC).

	===Transmission===		===Transmission===
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	==Clinical Symptoms==		==Clinical Symptoms==
	*Fever		*Typical syndrome includes acute to sub-acute febrile illness, associated with fatigue, myalgias,joint pain, and headaches. Patients may also experience hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. Fever may "undulate" over days, which is why some describe the disease as "undulant fever." Patients may find symptoms are best in the morning and progressively worsen over the day. The acute illness can progress to a chronic illness. Incubation is 2-3 weeks but may also be insidious in onset.
			*[[Fever]]
	*Diaphoresis		*Diaphoresis
	*Myalgias		*[[Myalgias]]
	*Headache		*[[Headache]]
	*Fatigue		*[[Fatigue]]
	*Joint/bone pain - occurs in 40% of cases, represented by arthritis, ostemyelitis, bursitis, etc.		*Joint/bone pain - occurs in 40% of cases, represented by arthritis, ostemyelitis, bursitis, etc.
	*Nausea/vomiting		*[[Nausea/vomiting]]
	*Abdominal pain		*[[Abdominal pain]]

	===Complications===		===Complications===
	#Cardiac: Endocarditis (2% of cases per W.H.O.) with aortic valve>mitral valve involvement.		#Cardiac: [[Endocarditis]] (2% of cases per W.H.O.) with aortic valve>mitral valve involvement.
	#Pulmonary: Hilar lymphadenopathy, pneumonitis, pneumonia, effusions.		#Pulmonary: Hilar lymphadenopathy, pneumonitis, [[pneumonia]], effusions.
	#GI: nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain.		#GI: nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain.
	#Liver: liver granulomas, hepatitis, hepatocellular necrosis		#Liver: liver granulomas, hepatitis, hepatocellular necrosis

Ostermayer: /* Management */

2020-08-04T16:43:47Z

Management

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 4 August 2020
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	==Management==		==Management==
	*Relapse is associated with use of beta-lactams, cephalosporins, macroides.		*Relapse is associated with use of beta-lactams, cephalosporins, macroides.
	*Uncomplicated brucellosis (>8 years old):		===Adults (>8 years old)===
	**Tetracycline 500mg PO q6 hours x 6 weeks.		Combination therapy to decrease the incidence of relapse and duration recommended at a minimum of 6 weeks<ref>CDC Brucellosis Reference Guide https://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/pdf/brucellosi-reference-guide.pdf</ref>
	***+ aminoglycoside		*Oral [[doxycycline]] (2–4 mg/kg per day, maximum 200 mg/day, in 2 divided doses) or oral
	****Streptomycin 1 gm IM daily x 2-~~3 weeks~~		tetracycline (30–40 mg/kg per day, maximum 2 g/day, in 4 divided doses) '''-and-'''
	**Doxycycline (~~preferred agent~~) ~~100mg PO Q12 hours x 6 weeks~~.		*[[Rifampin]] (15–20 mg/kg per day, maximum 600–900 mg/day, in 1 or 2 divided doses).
	***+ aminoglycoside		*Combination therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) can be used if
	****Streptomycin 1 gm IM daily x 2-3 weeks		tetracyclines are contraindicated.

	*Uncomplicated brucellosis (<8 years old)		===Children (<8 years old)===
	**Aminoglycosides		*Oral [[TMP-SMZ]] (trimethoprim, 10 mg/kg per day, maximum 480 mg/day; and sulfamethoxazole,
	**Co-trimoxazole		50 mg/kg per day, maximum 2.4 g/day) divided in 2 doses for 4 to 6 weeks.
	**Rifampicin		*Consider adding rifampin.
			*Tetracyclines (such as doxycycline) should be avoided in children less than 8 years of age.

	*Post-exposure prophylaxis		===Post-exposure prophylaxis===
	**Doxycycline x 6 weeks.		*Doxycycline x 6 weeks.

	==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==		==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "==Diagnosis==" to "==Evaluation=="

2016-07-22T07:39:37Z

Text replacement - "==Diagnosis==" to "==Evaluation=="

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:39, 22 July 2016
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	{{Lower respiratory zoonotic infections}}		{{Lower respiratory zoonotic infections}}

	==~~Diagnosis~~==		==Evaluation==
	*Culture is often negative		*Culture is often negative
	*Serology is most useful in diagnosis.		*Serology is most useful in diagnosis.

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "==Treatment==" to "==Management=="

2016-07-09T01:16:51Z

Text replacement - "==Treatment==" to "==Management=="

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:16, 9 July 2016
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	*Serology is most useful in diagnosis.		*Serology is most useful in diagnosis.

	==~~Treatment~~==		==Management==
	*Relapse is associated with use of beta-lactams, cephalosporins, macroides.		*Relapse is associated with use of beta-lactams, cephalosporins, macroides.
	*Uncomplicated brucellosis (>8 years old):		*Uncomplicated brucellosis (>8 years old):

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - " ==" to "=="

2016-07-06T02:23:08Z

Text replacement - " ==" to "=="

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:23, 6 July 2016
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	===Brucella species ===		===Brucella species===
	There are several species of Brucella, including Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, Brucella canis, Brucella ceti, and Brucella pinnipediae. Brucella melitensis is the most pathogenic in humans with its main hosts being goats and sheep. It has been eradicated since the 1970s in the United States but cases still occur, mainly secondary to unpasteurized diary products from outside the United States. Brucella abortus' main host is cattle and cases still occur secondary to wild bison and elk. Brucella Suis' main host is swine and cases result from contact with pigs and hogs. Brucella canis' main host is the dog. Brucella ceti and pinnipediae find hosts in marine species and is cause of neurobrucellosis.		There are several species of Brucella, including Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, Brucella canis, Brucella ceti, and Brucella pinnipediae. Brucella melitensis is the most pathogenic in humans with its main hosts being goats and sheep. It has been eradicated since the 1970s in the United States but cases still occur, mainly secondary to unpasteurized diary products from outside the United States. Brucella abortus' main host is cattle and cases still occur secondary to wild bison and elk. Brucella Suis' main host is swine and cases result from contact with pigs and hogs. Brucella canis' main host is the dog. Brucella ceti and pinnipediae find hosts in marine species and is cause of neurobrucellosis.

	Death from brucellosis occurs in only 2% of cases (CDC).		Death from brucellosis occurs in only 2% of cases (CDC).

	===Transmission ===		===Transmission===
	#Consumption of poorly cooked meat or unpasteurized dairy products (most common mode of transmission).		#Consumption of poorly cooked meat or unpasteurized dairy products (most common mode of transmission).
	#Inhalation of bacteria. Increased in those that work in laboratories that work with the bacteria and slaughterhouse workers.		#Inhalation of bacteria. Increased in those that work in laboratories that work with the bacteria and slaughterhouse workers.

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "# " to "#"

2016-07-05T21:16:01Z

Text replacement - "# " to "#"

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:16, 5 July 2016
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	===Transmission ===		===Transmission ===
	# Consumption of poorly cooked meat or unpasteurized dairy products (most common mode of transmission).		#Consumption of poorly cooked meat or unpasteurized dairy products (most common mode of transmission).
	# Inhalation of bacteria. Increased in those that work in laboratories that work with the bacteria and slaughterhouse workers.		#Inhalation of bacteria. Increased in those that work in laboratories that work with the bacteria and slaughterhouse workers.
	# Directly via open skin wounds.		#Directly via open skin wounds.
	#Rare modes of transmission include via breastmilk, sexual transmission, tissue transplant, blood transfusion.		#Rare modes of transmission include via breastmilk, sexual transmission, tissue transplant, blood transfusion.

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	==References==		==References==
	# http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/		#http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/
	# WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data		#WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
	Brucellosis in humans and animals.		Brucellosis in humans and animals.
	Produced by the World Health Organization in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization		Produced by the World Health Organization in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization

Bassomar: /* Treatment */

2016-01-15T15:35:38Z

Treatment

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 15 January 2016
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	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
			*Relapse is associated with use of beta-lactams, cephalosporins, macroides.
			*Uncomplicated brucellosis (>8 years old):
			**Tetracycline 500mg PO q6 hours x 6 weeks.
			***+ aminoglycoside
			****Streptomycin 1 gm IM daily x 2-3 weeks
			**Doxycycline (preferred agent) 100mg PO Q12 hours x 6 weeks.
			***+ aminoglycoside
			****Streptomycin 1 gm IM daily x 2-3 weeks

			*Uncomplicated brucellosis (<8 years old)
			**Aminoglycosides
			**Co-trimoxazole
			**Rifampicin

			*Post-exposure prophylaxis
			**Doxycycline x 6 weeks.

	==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==		==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==