ClaireLewis at 14:49, 14 September 2019

2019-09-14T14:49:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:49, 14 September 2019
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	==Administration==		==Administration==
	*Type: Anti[[diarrhea]]l, [[opioid]]/[[anticholinergic]]		*Type: Anti[[diarrhea]]l, [[opioid]] analog/[[anticholinergic]]
	*Dosage Forms:		*Dosage Forms:
	*Routes of Administration: PO		*Routes of Administration: PO
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	==Mechanism of Action==		==Mechanism of Action==
	*Diphenoxylate: opioid, inhibits GI motility and excessive GI propulsion		*Diphenoxylate: opioid analog of meperidine, inhibits GI motility and excessive GI propulsion
	*Atropine: Subtherapeutic quantity added to discourage deliberate overdose of diphenoxylate		*Atropine: Subtherapeutic quantity added to discourage deliberate overdose of diphenoxylate

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	==See Also==		==See Also==
			*[[Lomotil toxicity]]
	*[[Diarrhea]]		*[[Diarrhea]]
	*[[Opioids]]		*[[Opioids]]

ClaireLewis: Created page with "==Administration== Type: Antidiarrheal, opioid/anticholinergic Dosage Forms: Routes of Administration: PO Common Trade Names: Lomotil ==Adult Dosing== *5 mg..."

2019-09-14T14:39:35Z

Created page with "==Administration== *Type: Antidiarrheal, opioid/anticholinergic *Dosage Forms: *Routes of Administration: PO *Common Trade Names: Lomotil ==Adult Dosing== *5 mg..."

New page

==Administration==
*Type: Anti[[diarrhea]]l, [[opioid]]/[[anticholinergic]]
*Dosage Forms:
*Routes of Administration: PO
*Common Trade Names: Lomotil

==Adult Dosing==
*5 mg diphenoxylate/0.05 mg atropine PO q6hr

==Pediatric Dosing==
*<2y: Safety/efficacy not established
*2-13y: 0.3-0.4 mg diphenoxylate/kg/day in 4 divided doses

==Special Populations==
===[[Drug pregnancy categories|Pregnancy Rating]]===
*Category C

===Lactation risk===
*"Exercise caution when drug is administered to nursing woman, since physicochemical characteristics of major metabolite, diphenoxylic acid, are such that it may be excreted in breast milk and since it is known that atropine is excreted in breast milk"<ref>https://reference.medscape.com/drug/lomotil-diphenoxylate-atropine-342039#6</ref>

===Renal Dosing===
*Use caution

===Hepatic Dosing===
*Use caution; may precipitate hepatic coma

==Contraindications==
*Allergy to class/drug
*Obstructive jaundice
*Diarrhea due to pseudomembranous enterocolitis or infectious enterotoxin-producing bacteria (e.g. c. diff)
*Tablets only: children age <6y (risk of respiratory/CNS depression)
*Concomitant MAOI therapy

==Adverse Reactions==
===Serious===
*Severe respiratory depression
*Coma
*Exacerbation of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to intestinal fluid retention secondary to inhibition of peristalsis
*Bacterial overgrowth, release of bacterial endotoxins, sepsis
*Toxic megacolon
*Anticholinergic toxicity (hyperthermia, tachycardia, urinary retention, flushing, dry skin/mucous membranes), particularly in pediatric patients with Down's syndrome
*Pancreatitis

===Common===
*Nausea/vomiting, abdominal discomfort
*Blurred vision
*Sedation
*Dry skin or mouth

==Pharmacology==
*Half-life: 2.5-14h
*Metabolism: Hepatic
*Excretion: Urine/feces

==Mechanism of Action==
*Diphenoxylate: opioid, inhibits GI motility and excessive GI propulsion
*Atropine: Subtherapeutic quantity added to discourage deliberate overdose of diphenoxylate

==Comments==

==See Also==
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Opioids]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Pharmacology]]

Diphenoxylate/atropine - Revision history

ClaireLewis at 14:49, 14 September 2019

ClaireLewis: Created page with "==Administration== *Type: Antidiarrheal, opioid/anticholinergic *Dosage Forms: *Routes of Administration: PO *Common Trade Names: Lomotil ==Adult Dosing== *5 mg..."

ClaireLewis: Created page with "==Administration== Type: Antidiarrheal, opioid/anticholinergic Dosage Forms: Routes of Administration: PO Common Trade Names: Lomotil ==Adult Dosing== *5 mg..."