Malaria - Revision history

Bobbycarey: /* Background */

2021-03-02T19:19:32Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:19, 2 March 2021
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	===Traveler Precautions===		===Traveler Precautions===
	The CDC recommends travelers to malaria-endemic regions take the following precautions:<ref>WHO Malaria Policy Advisory Committee and Secretariat. Malaria Policy Advisory Committee to the WHO: conlusionsions and recommendations of September 2013 meeting. Malar J. 2013;12(1):456</ref>		The CDC recommends travelers to malaria-endemic regions take the following precautions:<ref>WHO Malaria Policy Advisory Committee and Secretariat. Malaria Policy Advisory Committee to the WHO: conlusionsions and recommendations of September 2013 meeting. Malar J. 2013;12(1):456</ref>
			*Use of insecticide-treated bed nets
			*Use of DEET-containing insect repellents
			*Wear long-sleeve shirts and pants
	*Chemoprophylaxis		*Chemoprophylaxis
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\| [[Primaquine]] \|\|Begin daily dosing 1-2 days before exposure and continue until 2 days after returning\|\|30mg daily \|\| Nausea, Diarrhea. Avoid with G-6-PD. \|\| Second line agent</small>		\| [[Primaquine]] \|\|Begin daily dosing 1-2 days before exposure and continue until 2 days after returning\|\|30mg daily \|\| Nausea, Diarrhea. Avoid with G-6-PD. \|\| Second line agent</small>
	\|}		\|}
	*Use of insecticide-treated bed nets
	*Use of DEET-containing insect repellents
	*Wear long-sleeve shirts and pants

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==

Bobbycarey: /* Background */

2021-03-02T19:17:15Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:17, 2 March 2021
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	==Background==		==Background==
	~~[[File:Anopheles stephensi.jpeg\|thumb\|Malaria vector: ''Anopheles stephensi'' mosquito.]]~~
	[[File:Paludisme.png\|thumb\|right\|upright=1.3\|Distribution of malaria in the world (2010; see CDC website for current distribution):<ref> "Malaria". US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 15, 2010. Archived from the original on April 16, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-02.</ref>		[[File:Paludisme.png\|thumb\|right\|upright=1.3\|Distribution of malaria in the world (2010; see CDC website for current distribution):<ref> "Malaria". US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 15, 2010. Archived from the original on April 16, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-02.</ref>
	<span style="color:#7e0000; font-size:120%;">♦</span> Elevated occurrence of chloroquine- or multi-resistant malaria		<span style="color:#7e0000; font-size:120%;">♦</span> Elevated occurrence of chloroquine- or multi-resistant malaria
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	<br> <span style="color:silver; font-size:120%;">♦</span> No malaria		<br> <span style="color:silver; font-size:120%;">♦</span> No malaria
	]]		]]
			[[File:Anopheles stephensi.jpeg\|thumb\|Malaria vector: ''Anopheles stephensi'' mosquito.]]
	[[File:Life Cycle of the Malaria Parasite.jpg\|thumb\|The life cycle of malaria parasites.]]		[[File:Life Cycle of the Malaria Parasite.jpg\|thumb\|The life cycle of malaria parasites.]]

	*Caused by parasitic protozoa species of the genus Plasmodium (''P ovale, P vivax, P malariae, P knowlesi'', and ''P falciparum'') carried by the Anopheles mosquito		*Caused by parasitic protozoa species of the genus Plasmodium (''P ovale, P vivax, P malariae, P knowlesi'', and ''P falciparum'') carried by the Anopheles mosquito
	**''P falciparum'' most severe		**''P falciparum'' most severe
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	\| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"\|'''Side Effects'''		\| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"\|'''Side Effects'''
	\| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"\|'''Recommended Geography'''		\| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"\|'''Recommended Geography'''
	<small>\|-		<small>
			\|-
	\| [[Chloroquine]] \|\| Begin weekly dosing 1-2 weeks before exposure and continue until 4 weeks after returning \|\| 500mg weekly \|\| Headache, itching, bitter taste. Rare serious dermatologic and ocular effects \|\| First line in Central America, Mexico, Argentina, Paraguay, Hispaniola, Eastern Europe, Northern Africa, China, and parts of the Middle East		\| [[Chloroquine]] \|\| Begin weekly dosing 1-2 weeks before exposure and continue until 4 weeks after returning \|\| 500mg weekly \|\| Headache, itching, bitter taste. Rare serious dermatologic and ocular effects \|\| First line in Central America, Mexico, Argentina, Paraguay, Hispaniola, Eastern Europe, Northern Africa, China, and parts of the Middle East
	\|-		\|-

Bobbycarey: /* Traveler Precautions */

2021-03-02T19:11:09Z

Traveler Precautions

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:11, 2 March 2021
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	\| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"\|'''Side Effects'''		\| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"\|'''Side Effects'''
	\| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"\|'''Recommended Geography'''		\| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"\|'''Recommended Geography'''
	\|-		<small>\|-
	\| [[Chloroquine]] \|\| Begin weekly dosing 1-2 weeks before exposure and continue until 4 weeks after returning \|\| 500mg weekly \|\| Headache, itching, bitter taste. Rare serious dermatologic and ocular effects \|\| First line in Central America, Mexico, Argentina, Paraguay, Hispaniola, Eastern Europe, Northern Africa, China, and parts of the Middle East		\| [[Chloroquine]] \|\| Begin weekly dosing 1-2 weeks before exposure and continue until 4 weeks after returning \|\| 500mg weekly \|\| Headache, itching, bitter taste. Rare serious dermatologic and ocular effects \|\| First line in Central America, Mexico, Argentina, Paraguay, Hispaniola, Eastern Europe, Northern Africa, China, and parts of the Middle East
	\|-		\|-
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	\| [[Hydroxychloroquine]] \|\|Begin weekly dosing 1-2 weeks before exposure and continue until 4 weeks after returning \|\|200mg weekly\|\| Headache, itching, bitter taste. Rare serious dermatologic and ocular effects \|\| Second line agent		\| [[Hydroxychloroquine]] \|\|Begin weekly dosing 1-2 weeks before exposure and continue until 4 weeks after returning \|\|200mg weekly\|\| Headache, itching, bitter taste. Rare serious dermatologic and ocular effects \|\| Second line agent
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Primaquine]] \|\|Begin daily dosing 1-2 days before exposure and continue until 2 days after returning\|\|30mg daily \|\| Nausea, Diarrhea. Avoid with G-6-PD. \|\| Second line agent		\| [[Primaquine]] \|\|Begin daily dosing 1-2 days before exposure and continue until 2 days after returning\|\|30mg daily \|\| Nausea, Diarrhea. Avoid with G-6-PD. \|\| Second line agent</small>
	\|}		\|}
	*Use of insecticide-treated bed nets		*Use of insecticide-treated bed nets

Bobbycarey: /* Traveler Precautions */

2021-03-02T19:09:42Z

Traveler Precautions

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 The CDC recommends travelers to malaria-endemic regions take the following precautions:<ref>WHO Malaria Policy Advisory Committee and Secretariat. Malaria Policy Advisory Committee to the WHO: conlusionsions and recommendations of September 2013 meeting. Malar J. 2013;12(1):456</ref>
 *Chemoprophylaxis
 *Use of insecticide-treated bed nets
 *Use of DEET-containing insect repellents

Bobbycarey: /* Background */

2021-03-02T17:50:38Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:50, 2 March 2021
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	*Caused by parasitic protozoa species of the genus Plasmodium (''P ovale, P vivax, P malariae, P knowlesi'', and ''P falciparum'') carried by the Anopheles mosquito		*Caused by parasitic protozoa species of the genus Plasmodium (''P ovale, P vivax, P malariae, P knowlesi'', and ''P falciparum'') carried by the Anopheles mosquito
	**''P falciparum'' most severe		**''P falciparum'' most severe
			**Sickle Cell Trait (HbAS) is protective against severe ''P falciparum'' malaria
	*Failure to consider for febrile illness following travel, even if seemingly temporally remote, can result in significant morbidity or mortality, especially in children and pregnant or immunocompromised patients		*Failure to consider for febrile illness following travel, even if seemingly temporally remote, can result in significant morbidity or mortality, especially in children and pregnant or immunocompromised patients
	*Chemoprophylaxsis does not guarantee protection		*Chemoprophylaxsis does not guarantee protection

Elcatracho: /* External Links */

2020-12-09T17:44:58Z

External Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:44, 9 December 2020
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	==External Links==		==External Links==
	*[https://www.iamat.org/risks/malaria?gclid=CIDPmoaO7csCFZSGfgod24UAfQ IAMAT world map and country details ]		*[https://www.iamat.org/risks/malaria?gclid=CIDPmoaO7csCFZSGfgod24UAfQ IAMAT world map and country details ]
			*https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html

	==References==		==References==

JleatonMD: /* Evaluation */

2020-07-24T20:49:23Z

Evaluation

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:49, 24 July 2020
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	**↑ ESR		**↑ ESR
	**↑ LDH		**↑ LDH
	**LFT abnormalities		**LFT abnormalities (elevated indirect bilirubin)
	**↑ Cr		**↑ Cr
	**[[Hyponatremia]]		**[[Hyponatremia]]
	**[[Hypoglycemia]]		**[[Hypoglycemia]]
			**[[Low Haptoglobin]]
	**False positive VDRL		**False positive VDRL

Rossdonaldson1: /* Evaluation */

2020-04-29T22:49:17Z

Evaluation

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 29 April 2020
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	[[File:Plasmodium.jpg\|thumb\|Ring-forms and gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum in human blood]]		[[File:Plasmodium.jpg\|thumb\|Ring-forms and gametocytes of ''Plasmodium falciparum'' in human blood]]
	*First smear positive in >90% of cases (thick and thin Giemsa stain)		*First smear positive in >90% of cases (thick and thin Giemsa stain)
	**If initial negative, must be repeated BID x 2-3 days for proper exclusion of malaria		**If initial negative, must be repeated BID x 2-3 days for proper exclusion of malaria

Rossdonaldson1: /* Evaluation */

2020-04-29T22:49:01Z

Evaluation

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 29 April 2020
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
			[[File:Plasmodium.jpg\|thumb\|Ring-forms and gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum in human blood]]
	*First smear positive in >90% of cases (thick and thin Giemsa stain)		*First smear positive in >90% of cases (thick and thin Giemsa stain)
	**If initial negative, must be repeated BID x 2-3 days for proper exclusion of malaria		**If initial negative, must be repeated BID x 2-3 days for proper exclusion of malaria

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features */

2020-04-29T22:47:10Z

Clinical Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:47, 29 April 2020
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	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	[[File:38060783.png\|thumb\|Different fever patterns observed in Plasmodium infections.]]		[[File:38060783.png\|thumb\|Different fever patterns observed in Plasmodium infections.]]
			[[File:Wmd 2020 flex.jpg\|thumb\|Child with malaria.]]
	*[[Fever]] + exposure to [http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/list.htm endemic country]		*[[Fever]] + exposure to [http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/list.htm endemic country]
	**Cyclic fever only after chronic infection		**Cyclic fever only after chronic infection