Pulmonary chemical agents - Revision history

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2026-04-15T20:41:35Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:41, 15 April 2026
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	[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]		[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]
	[[File:Hydrochloric acid 30 percent.jpg\|thumb\|[[Hydrochloric acid]]]]		[[File:Hydrochloric acid 30 percent.jpg\|thumb\|[[Hydrochloric acid]]]]
			[[File:1920px-Ammonia smoke.jpg\|thumb\|A test tube filled with [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonium chloride]] smoke made by reacting ammonia with hydrochloric acid.]]
	[[File:Liquid Pool Chlorine.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chlorine gas\|Liquid pool chlorine]]]]		[[File:Liquid Pool Chlorine.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chlorine gas\|Liquid pool chlorine]]]]
	*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]		*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2026-04-15T20:37:00Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:37, 15 April 2026
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	==Background==		==Background==
	[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]		[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]
			[[File:Hydrochloric acid 30 percent.jpg\|thumb\|[[Hydrochloric acid]]]]
	[[File:Liquid Pool Chlorine.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chlorine gas\|Liquid pool chlorine]]]]		[[File:Liquid Pool Chlorine.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chlorine gas\|Liquid pool chlorine]]]]
	*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]		*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2026-04-15T20:28:30Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:28, 15 April 2026
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	==Background==		==Background==
	[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]		[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]
			[[File:Liquid Pool Chlorine.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chlorine gas\|Liquid pool chlorine]]]]
	*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]		*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]
	*Common toxic industrial chemicals, transported widely across country		*Common toxic industrial chemicals, transported widely across country

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2026-04-15T20:26:08Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:26, 15 April 2026
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	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]
	*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]		*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]
	*Common toxic industrial chemicals, transported widely across country		*Common toxic industrial chemicals, transported widely across country

ClaireLewis: /* Background */

2019-10-13T14:34:05Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:34, 13 October 2019
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	==Background==		==Background==
	*~~Ammonia~~, methyl isocyanate, methyl bromide, hydrochloric acid and chlorine, phosgene		*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]
	*Common toxic industrial chemicals, transported widely across country		*Common toxic industrial chemicals, transported widely across country
	*Can affect central or peripheral airways		*Can affect central or peripheral airways
	**burning and irritation to epithelial lining causing airway edema or pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and hypotension		**burning and irritation to epithelial lining causing airway edema or [[pulmonary edema]], [[hypoxia]], and [[hypotension]]

	===Pathophysiology===		===Pathophysiology===

ClaireLewis at 14:32, 13 October 2019

2019-10-13T14:32:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:32, 13 October 2019
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	**Anhydrous, ammonia, Hydrogen chloride, Sulfur dioxide, Formaldehyde		**Anhydrous, ammonia, Hydrogen chloride, Sulfur dioxide, Formaldehyde
	**Rapidly react with water causing damage to upper airway to vocal cords		**Rapidly react with water causing damage to upper airway to vocal cords
	**Direct tissue damage causing edema/airway obstruction and laryngospasm		**Direct tissue damage causing bronchiolar/alveolar edema/airway obstruction and laryngospasm
			**Nasopharyngeal and tracheal [[chemical burns]], upper airway obstruction
			**Laryngospasm (can occur immediately upon exposure)
			**[[Respiratory distress]]/failure, [[hypoxia]]
			**[[Cough]]
			**[[Chest pain]]
			**[[Arrhythmias]] (hydrochloric acid)
	*Moderately water-soluble		*Moderately water-soluble
	**Damage to moderate-sized airways (bronchioles)		**Damage to moderate-sized airways (bronchioles)
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	**Inhaled deeply into alveoli		**Inhaled deeply into alveoli
	**Lack of irritation of mucous membranes can cause them to go undetected		**Lack of irritation of mucous membranes can cause them to go undetected
			**[[Respiratory distress]], tachypnea, [[cough]], [[pulmonary edema]]

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
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	==Management==		==Management==
	*Liquid phosgene can cause off-gassing with release of toxin from clothes post-exposure		*'''Decontaminate''' patient!
			**Liquid phosgene can cause off-gassing with release of toxin from clothes post-exposure
	*Do not allow patient to be active as it worsens condition		*Do not allow patient to be active as it worsens condition
	*Diuretics and corticosteroids not shown to be effective		*Inhaled [[bronchodilators\|beta agonists]] for bronchoconstriction
	*Inhaled beta agonists for bronchoconstriction		*Diuretics and corticosteroids ''not'' shown to be effective

	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

Rossdonaldson1: /* Workup */

2017-02-15T12:23:50Z

Workup

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 15 February 2017
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	{{Chemical weapon DDX}}		{{Chemical weapon DDX}}

	==~~Workup~~==		==Evaluation==

	==Management==		==Management==

Rossdonaldson1 at 12:20, 15 February 2017

2017-02-15T12:20:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:20, 15 February 2017
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	*Can affect central or peripheral airways		*Can affect central or peripheral airways
	**burning and irritation to epithelial lining causing airway edema or pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and hypotension		**burning and irritation to epithelial lining causing airway edema or pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and hypotension

	~~''Chlorine''~~
	*Smells of a swimming pool or bleach
	*Most common exposure is secondary to mixing household cleaners
	*Irritation of conjunctivae, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi
	*Individuals with gas exposure may not need decon, if skin symptoms absent
	*Rare ocular injury as tears protect mucous membranes from direct damage

	===Pathophysiology===		===Pathophysiology===

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2017-02-15T12:14:50Z

Background

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 *Individuals with gas exposure may not need decon, if skin symptoms absent
 *Rare ocular injury as tears protect mucous membranes from direct damage
 ===Pathophysiology===

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2017-02-14T14:30:06Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:30, 14 February 2017
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	*Rare ocular injury as tears protect mucous membranes from direct damage		*Rare ocular injury as tears protect mucous membranes from direct damage

	''Phosgene''		''[[Phosgene]]''
	*Smell of freshly cut hay or grass		*Smell of freshly cut hay or grass
	*Not to be confused with phosgene oxide (vesicant)		*Not to be confused with phosgene oxide (vesicant)

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:41, 15 April 2026
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	[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]		[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]
	[[File:Hydrochloric acid 30 percent.jpg\|thumb\|[[Hydrochloric acid]]]]		[[File:Hydrochloric acid 30 percent.jpg\|thumb\|[[Hydrochloric acid]]]]
			[[File:1920px-Ammonia smoke.jpg\|thumb\|A test tube filled with [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonium chloride]] smoke made by reacting ammonia with hydrochloric acid.]]
	[[File:Liquid Pool Chlorine.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chlorine gas\|Liquid pool chlorine]]]]		[[File:Liquid Pool Chlorine.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chlorine gas\|Liquid pool chlorine]]]]
	*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]		*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:37, 15 April 2026
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	==Background==		==Background==
	[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]		[[File:Phosgene poster ww2.jpg\|thumb\|Phosgene poster]]
			[[File:Hydrochloric acid 30 percent.jpg\|thumb\|[[Hydrochloric acid]]]]
	[[File:Liquid Pool Chlorine.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chlorine gas\|Liquid pool chlorine]]]]		[[File:Liquid Pool Chlorine.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chlorine gas\|Liquid pool chlorine]]]]
	*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]		*Include [[ammonia toxicity\|ammonia]], [[methyl isocyanate]], [[methyl bromide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and [[chlorine gas]], [[phosgene]]