Sulfur mustard toxicity - Revision history

Rossdonaldson1: Rossdonaldson1 moved page Sulfur mustard to Sulfur mustard toxicity

2021-11-17T23:45:16Z

Rossdonaldson1 moved page Sulfur mustard to Sulfur mustard toxicity

← Older revision	Revision as of 23:45, 17 November 2021
(No difference)

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. */

2021-07-08T18:06:25Z

Clinical Features Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:06, 8 July 2021
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	==Clinical Features<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>==		==Clinical Features<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>==
	[[File:Mustard gas burns.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chemical burn]] caused by exposure to mustard gas (World War I).]]		[[File:Mustard gas burns.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chemical burn]] caused by exposure to mustard gas (World War I).]]
			[[File:Blister_formation_after_vesicant_exposure_2016-01-07_19-13.jpg\|thumbnail\|Bullae formation after blister chemical agent exposure (Wikimedia Commons).]]
	*Odor of garlic, onion, or horseradish		*Odor of garlic, onion, or horseradish
	*Physical symptoms do not occur until approximately 20 minutes but may take up to 4 hours		*Physical symptoms do not occur until approximately 20 minutes but may take up to 4 hours

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. */

2021-07-08T18:04:20Z

Clinical Features Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:04, 8 July 2021
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	==Clinical Features<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>==		==Clinical Features<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>==
	[[File:Mustard gas burns.jpg\|thumb\|Chemical ~~burns~~ caused by exposure to mustard gas (World War I).]]		[[File:Mustard gas burns.jpg\|thumb\|[[Chemical burn]] caused by exposure to mustard gas (World War I).]]
	*Odor of garlic, onion, or horseradish		*Odor of garlic, onion, or horseradish
	*Physical symptoms do not occur until approximately 20 minutes but may take up to 4 hours		*Physical symptoms do not occur until approximately 20 minutes but may take up to 4 hours

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. */

2021-07-08T18:03:17Z

Clinical Features Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:03, 8 July 2021
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	==Clinical Features<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>==		==Clinical Features<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>==
			[[File:Mustard gas burns.jpg\|thumb\|Chemical burns caused by exposure to mustard gas (World War I).]]
	*Odor of garlic, onion, or horseradish		*Odor of garlic, onion, or horseradish
	*Physical symptoms do not occur until approximately 20 minutes but may take up to 4 hours		*Physical symptoms do not occur until approximately 20 minutes but may take up to 4 hours

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. */

2018-03-14T13:03:11Z

Clinical Features Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 14 March 2018
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	*Penetrates skin, rubber gloves, clothing		*Penetrates skin, rubber gloves, clothing
	*Causes both local and systemic toxicity		*Causes both local and systemic toxicity
	**Local
	***Eye		===Local toxicity===
	****Only 1% have permanent eye damage; the majority heal within 2 weeks to 2 months without sequelae		*Eye
	****Conjunctivitis		**Only 1% have permanent eye damage; the majority heal within 2 weeks to 2 months without sequelae
	****Blepharospasm		**[[Conjunctivitis]]
	***Skin		**Blepharospasm
	****Blisters resembling second degree burns		*Skin
	****Within 4-8 hours: erythema + burning → vesicle and bullae formation		**Blisters resembling second degree burns
	***Airway		**Within 4-8 hours: erythema + burning → vesicle and bullae formation
	****Dose-dependent ranging from nasopharyngeal irritation to hemorrhagic necrosis of bronchioles		*Airway
	**Systemic		**Dose-dependent ranging from nasopharyngeal irritation to hemorrhagic necrosis of bronchioles
	***Bone marrow suppression leading to neutropenia within 3-5 days → development of secondary infections
			===Systemic toxicity===
			*Bone marrow suppression leading to [[neutropenia]] within 3-5 days → development of secondary infections

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

Rossdonaldson1 at 13:02, 14 March 2018

2018-03-14T13:02:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 14 March 2018
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	==Background==		==Background<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>==
	*Abbreviation: H		*Abbreviation: H
	*2,2,-dichlordiethyl sulfide		*2,2,-dichlordiethyl sulfide
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	*Damage begins at 1-2 minutes post-exposure with irreversible damage within 20 minutes		*Damage begins at 1-2 minutes post-exposure with irreversible damage within 20 minutes
	*Symptoms are visible by 4-8 hours		*Symptoms are visible by 4-8 hours
	~~<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>~~

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>==
	*Odor of garlic, onion, or horseradish		*Odor of garlic, onion, or horseradish
	*Physical symptoms do not occur until approximately 20 minutes but may take up to 4 hours		*Physical symptoms do not occur until approximately 20 minutes but may take up to 4 hours
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	**Systemic		**Systemic
	***Bone marrow suppression leading to neutropenia within 3-5 days → development of secondary infections		***Bone marrow suppression leading to neutropenia within 3-5 days → development of secondary infections
	~~<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>~~

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

Hkm91450: /* Clinical Features */

2018-02-26T20:57:52Z

Clinical Features

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 *Physical symptoms do not occur until approximately 20 minutes but may take up to 4 hours
 *Penetrates skin, rubber gloves, clothing
 ==Differential Diagnosis==

Hkm91450: /* Background */

2018-02-26T20:53:06Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:53, 26 February 2018
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	*2,2,-dichlordiethyl sulfide		*2,2,-dichlordiethyl sulfide
	*A [[blister chemical agents\|blister chemical agent]] (vesicant) type of [[chemical weapon]]		*A [[blister chemical agents\|blister chemical agent]] (vesicant) type of [[chemical weapon]]
	*Mustard vapor exposure greater medical concern than liquid form		*Mustard vapor exposure greater medical concern than liquid form
	*Damage begins at 1-2 minutes post-exposure with irreversible damage within 20 minutes		*Damage begins at 1-2 minutes post-exposure with irreversible damage within 20 minutes
			*Symptoms are visible by 4-8 hours
			<ref> Walls, R., & Rosen, P. (2018). Rosen's emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. </ref>

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==

Rossdonaldson1: /* References */

2017-02-15T14:44:57Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 15 February 2017
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	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>

			[[Category:Toxicology]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Management */

2017-02-15T12:39:28Z

Management

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 15 February 2017
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	==Management==		==Management==
			*Immediate decontamination, 0.5% hypochlorite solution will inactivate sulfur mustard but not appropriate for pediatric patients
	*No antidotes for mustard agents		*No antidotes for mustard agents