Template:Caustics background - Revision history

Ostermayer at 22:55, 17 March 2026

2026-03-17T22:55:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:55, 17 March 2026
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	====Alkalis==== <!--T:3-->		====Alkalis==== <!--T:3-->

			''see [[Alkali ingestion]] for a more comprehensive summary''

	<!--T:4-->		<!--T:4-->
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	====Acids==== <!--T:5-->		====Acids==== <!--T:5-->

			''see [[Acid ingestion]] for a more comprehensive summary''

	<!--T:6-->		<!--T:6-->

Ostermayer: Marked this version for translation

2026-01-27T15:49:40Z

Marked this version for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 27 January 2026
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	<translate>		<translate>

	===[[Special:MyLanguage/Caustics\|Caustics]]===		===[[Special:MyLanguage/Caustics\|Caustics]]=== <!--T:1-->

			<!--T:2-->
	*Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces		*Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces
	*Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact		*Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact
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	====Alkalis====		====Alkalis==== <!--T:3-->

			<!--T:4-->
	*Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction		*Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction
	**Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues		**Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues
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	====Acids====		====Acids==== <!--T:5-->

			<!--T:6-->
	*Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death via denatured protein → coagulation necrosis and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement		*Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death via denatured protein → coagulation necrosis and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement
	**However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common		**However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common

Ostermayer at 15:49, 27 January 2026

2026-01-27T15:49:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 27 January 2026
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	<languages/>		<noinclude><languages/></noinclude>
	<translate>		<translate>

Ostermayer: Prepared the page for translation

2026-01-27T15:48:58Z

Prepared the page for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:48, 27 January 2026
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	===[[Caustics]]===		<languages/>
			<translate>

			===[[Special:MyLanguage/Caustics\|Caustics]]===

	*Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces		*Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces
	*Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact		*Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact
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	*Alkaline agents cause liquefactive necrosis (considered more damaging to most tissues)		*Alkaline agents cause liquefactive necrosis (considered more damaging to most tissues)
	*Corrosive agents have reducing, oxidising, denaturing or defatting potential		*Corrosive agents have reducing, oxidising, denaturing or defatting potential


	====Alkalis====		====Alkalis====

	*Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction		*Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction
	**Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues		**Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues
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	***Cleaning products such as oven cleaners, swimming pool chlorinator		***Cleaning products such as oven cleaners, swimming pool chlorinator
	***Household bleach ingestion (4-6% sodium hypochlorite) rarely causes significant esophageal injury<ref>Wasserman RL, Ginsburg CM. Caustic substance injuries. J Pediatr. 1985;107(2):169-174. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80119-0</ref><ref>Harley EH, Collins MD. Liquid household bleach ingestion in children: a retrospective review. Laryngoscope. 1997;107(1):122-125. doi:10.1097/00005537-199701000-00023</ref>		***Household bleach ingestion (4-6% sodium hypochlorite) rarely causes significant esophageal injury<ref>Wasserman RL, Ginsburg CM. Caustic substance injuries. J Pediatr. 1985;107(2):169-174. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80119-0</ref><ref>Harley EH, Collins MD. Liquid household bleach ingestion in children: a retrospective review. Laryngoscope. 1997;107(1):122-125. doi:10.1097/00005537-199701000-00023</ref>


	====Acids====		====Acids====

	*Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death via denatured protein → coagulation necrosis and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement		*Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death via denatured protein → coagulation necrosis and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement
	**However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common		**However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common
	***Mortality rate is higher compared to strong alkali ingestions		***Mortality rate is higher compared to strong alkali ingestions
	*Can be systemically absorbed and → [[metabolic acidosis]], hemolysis, AKI		*Can be systemically absorbed and → [[Special:MyLanguage/metabolic acidosis\|metabolic acidosis]], hemolysis, AKI
	*Examples		*Examples
	**Hydrochloric acid (HCl), [[hydrofluoric acid]] (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Phosphoric acid, Oxalic Acid, Acetic acid		**Hydrochloric acid (HCl), [[Special:MyLanguage/hydrofluoric acid\|hydrofluoric acid]] (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Phosphoric acid, Oxalic Acid, Acetic acid
	***Found in: auto batteries, drain openers, toilet bowl, metal cleaners, swimming pool cleaners, rust remover, nail primer		***Found in: auto batteries, drain openers, toilet bowl, metal cleaners, swimming pool cleaners, rust remover, nail primer
			</translate>

Elcatracho: /* Alkalis */

2021-02-17T17:45:58Z

Alkalis

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:45, 17 February 2021
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	**Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and Ammonia (NH3)		**Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and Ammonia (NH3)
	***Cleaning products such as oven cleaners, swimming pool chlorinator		***Cleaning products such as oven cleaners, swimming pool chlorinator
			***Household bleach ingestion (4-6% sodium hypochlorite) rarely causes significant esophageal injury<ref>Wasserman RL, Ginsburg CM. Caustic substance injuries. J Pediatr. 1985;107(2):169-174. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80119-0</ref><ref>Harley EH, Collins MD. Liquid household bleach ingestion in children: a retrospective review. Laryngoscope. 1997;107(1):122-125. doi:10.1097/00005537-199701000-00023</ref>

	====Acids====		====Acids====

Cdichang: /* Acids */

2020-05-15T00:59:38Z

Acids

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:59, 15 May 2020
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	====Acids====		====Acids====
	*Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement		*Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death via denatured protein → coagulation necrosis and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement
	**However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common		**However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common
	***Mortality rate is higher compared to strong alkali ingestions		***Mortality rate is higher compared to strong alkali ingestions

Cdichang: /* Acids */

2020-05-15T00:53:40Z

Acids

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:53, 15 May 2020
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	*Can be systemically absorbed and → [[metabolic acidosis]], hemolysis, AKI		*Can be systemically absorbed and → [[metabolic acidosis]], hemolysis, AKI
	*Examples		*Examples
	**Hydrochloric acid (HCl), [[hydrofluoric acid]] (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)		**Hydrochloric acid (HCl), [[hydrofluoric acid]] (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Phosphoric acid, Oxalic Acid, Acetic acid
	**Found in: auto batteries, drain openers, toilet bowl, metal cleaners, swimming pool cleaners, rust remover, nail primer		***Found in: auto batteries, drain openers, toilet bowl, metal cleaners, swimming pool cleaners, rust remover, nail primer

Cdichang: /* Alkalis */

2020-05-15T00:51:57Z

Alkalis

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:51, 15 May 2020
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	*Examples		*Examples
	**Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH)		**Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH)
	***Lye present in drain cleaners, hair relaxers		***Lye present in drain cleaners, hair relaxers, grease remover
	**Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and Ammonia (NH3)		**Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and Ammonia (NH3)
	***Cleaning products such as oven cleaners		***Cleaning products such as oven cleaners, swimming pool chlorinator

	====Acids====		====Acids====

Cdichang: /* Acids */

2020-05-15T00:48:01Z

Acids

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:48, 15 May 2020
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	*Examples		*Examples
	**Hydrochloric acid (HCl), [[hydrofluoric acid]] (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)		**Hydrochloric acid (HCl), [[hydrofluoric acid]] (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
	**Found in: auto batteries, drain openers, toilet bowl, metal cleaners, swimming pool ~~products~~, rust remover, nail primer		**Found in: auto batteries, drain openers, toilet bowl, metal cleaners, swimming pool cleaners, rust remover, nail primer

Cdichang: /* Alkalis */

2020-05-15T00:47:22Z

Alkalis

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:47, 15 May 2020
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	***Lye present in drain cleaners, hair relaxers		***Lye present in drain cleaners, hair relaxers
	**Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and Ammonia (NH3)		**Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and Ammonia (NH3)
	***Cleaning products such as oven cleaners~~, toilet cleaner~~		***Cleaning products such as oven cleaners

	====Acids====		====Acids====