Acute chest syndrome: Difference between revisions

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==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Any chest symptoms with a new finding on CXR (however, CXR finding may be delayed)
Any chest symptoms with a new finding on CXR (however, CXR finding may be delayed)
# low grade fever
# chest pain
# cough


- low grade fever
===Causes===
 
# most common pathogen- C.pneumonia then M.pneumonia and RSV
- chest pain
# cause of acute chest were fat emb, infc and infarction
 
# xray findings of acute chest occur ~2.5d after admission
- cough
# multilobar involvement, esp of lower lobes common
 


DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
 
# sx at presentation are age dependent
- sx at presentation are age dependent
##age less than 10 were wheeze, cough and fever.
 
##Age older than 20 is arm/ leg pain and dyspnea
age less than 10 were wheeze, cough and fever.
# pain is prodrome
 
Age older than 20 is arm/ leg pain and dyspnea
 
- pain is prodrome
 


WORRISOME
WORRISOME
# Dec Hb
# inc WBC x 2
# platelet <200


1) Dec Hb
==Work-Up==
 
# CBC
2) inc WBC x 2
# retic
 
# ABG
3) platelet <200
# BC/sputum cx
 
 
TESTS
 
1) CBC
 
2) retic
 
3) ABG
 
4) BC/sputum cx
 


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
# Bonchodilators (even if no wheezing)
# Incentive spirometry
# Empiric ABX (for PNA)
# Pain management (to avoid splinting, hypoventilation, and narcosis)
# O2 only if nec (maintian PaO2 <100)
# IVF for hypovolemia only
# Consider transfusion (Leukocyte depleted blood products!) for
##for heart dz
##severe/worsening anemia
##multilobar PNA
##unresponsive hypoxemia
# Consider exchange transfusion for PaO2 <70 on high O2 + not improving


 
===Exchange Transfusion===
1) Bonchodilators (even if no wheezing)
# Phlebotomize 500mL
 
# NS 300mL bolus
2) Incentive spirometry
# Phlebotimize 500m:
 
# Infuse 4-5 units PRBC
3) Empiric ABX (for PNA)
 
4) Pain management (to avoid splinting, hypoventilation, and narcosis)
 
5) O2 only if nec (maintian PaO2 <100)
 
6) IVF for hypovolemia only
 
7) Consider transfusion for
 
-for heart dz, severe/worsening anemia, multilobar PNA, unresponsive hypoxemia
 
***Leukocyte depleted blood products
 
8) Consider exchange transfusion for PaO2 <70 on high O2 +
 
-no improving
 


==Complications==
==Complications==
# older pt more likely to have complications and die
# resp failure predictors: bad xray, thrombocytopenia (<200), h/o cardiac dz
# primary cause of death were resp failure- from PE (bone marrow, fat or thrombotic) and pneumonia
# other causes of death include pulm hem, cor pulm, hypovolemic shock from splenic seq, sepsis, intracranial hem, sz


 
===NEURO===
- older pt more likely to have complications and die
# neuro events = ams, neuromusc events, sz, anoxia
 
# strong relation between acute chest and neuro complications
- resp failure predictors: bad xray, thrombocytopenia (<200), h/o cardiac dz
# RF = low platelets
 
- primary cause of death were resp failure- from PE (bone marrow, fat or thrombotic) and pneumonia
 
- other causes of death include pulm hem, cor pulm, hypovolemic shock from splenic seq, sepsis, intracranial hem, sz
 
 
NEURO
 
- neuro events = ams, neuromusc events, sz, anoxia
 
- strong relation between acute chest and neuro complications
 
- RF = low platelets
 
 
==Causes==
 
 
- most common pathogen- C.pneumonia then M.pneumonia and RSV
 
- cause of acute chest were fat emb, infc and infarction
 
xray findings of acute chest occur ~2.5d after admission
 
- multilobar involvement, esp of lower lobes common
 
 
==Exchange Transfusion==
 
 
1) Phlebotomize 500mL
 
2) NS 300mL bolus
 
3) Phlebotimize 500m:
 
4) Infuse 4-5 units PRBC
 


==See Also==
==See Also==
Heme: Sickle Cell Crisis
Heme: Sickle Cell Crisis


==Source ==
==Source ==
8/07 DONALDSON (adapted from Mistry)
8/07 DONALDSON (adapted from Mistry)


[[Category:Heme/Onc]]
[[Category:Heme/Onc]]

Revision as of 14:00, 14 March 2011

Diagnosis

Any chest symptoms with a new finding on CXR (however, CXR finding may be delayed)

  1. low grade fever
  2. chest pain
  3. cough

Causes

  1. most common pathogen- C.pneumonia then M.pneumonia and RSV
  2. cause of acute chest were fat emb, infc and infarction
  3. xray findings of acute chest occur ~2.5d after admission
  4. multilobar involvement, esp of lower lobes common

DISCUSSION

  1. sx at presentation are age dependent
    1. age less than 10 were wheeze, cough and fever.
    2. Age older than 20 is arm/ leg pain and dyspnea
  2. pain is prodrome

WORRISOME

  1. Dec Hb
  2. inc WBC x 2
  3. platelet <200

Work-Up

  1. CBC
  2. retic
  3. ABG
  4. BC/sputum cx

Treatment

  1. Bonchodilators (even if no wheezing)
  2. Incentive spirometry
  3. Empiric ABX (for PNA)
  4. Pain management (to avoid splinting, hypoventilation, and narcosis)
  5. O2 only if nec (maintian PaO2 <100)
  6. IVF for hypovolemia only
  7. Consider transfusion (Leukocyte depleted blood products!) for
    1. for heart dz
    2. severe/worsening anemia
    3. multilobar PNA
    4. unresponsive hypoxemia
  8. Consider exchange transfusion for PaO2 <70 on high O2 + not improving

Exchange Transfusion

  1. Phlebotomize 500mL
  2. NS 300mL bolus
  3. Phlebotimize 500m:
  4. Infuse 4-5 units PRBC

Complications

  1. older pt more likely to have complications and die
  2. resp failure predictors: bad xray, thrombocytopenia (<200), h/o cardiac dz
  3. primary cause of death were resp failure- from PE (bone marrow, fat or thrombotic) and pneumonia
  4. other causes of death include pulm hem, cor pulm, hypovolemic shock from splenic seq, sepsis, intracranial hem, sz

NEURO

  1. neuro events = ams, neuromusc events, sz, anoxia
  2. strong relation between acute chest and neuro complications
  3. RF = low platelets

See Also

Heme: Sickle Cell Crisis

Source

8/07 DONALDSON (adapted from Mistry)

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