GEMC:Prehospital / Disaster / Mass Casualty Medicine

General

This the main page for the Global Emergency Medicine Curriculum Project's Prehospital / Disaster / Mass Casualty Medicine section. For point of care treatment information see the respective category page and non-GEMC notes.

Disaster Medicine

Disaster Preparedness

Open Access Written Resources

Blog Articles

• Varshney, K. Disaster Medicine Review. EmergencyPedia. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://emergencypedia.com/2013/06/28/disaster-medicine/
• Bruen, C. Key Points of Disaster Medicine. Resus Review. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://resusreview.com/2013/key-points-of-disaster-medicine/
• Joshi, N. Mass Casualty Anticipation – An essential, instinctual skill of EM physicians. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine. Lin, M. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://academiclifeinem.com/mass-casualty-anticipation-an-essential-instinctual-skill-of-em-physicians/
• Bruen, C. Disaster Critical Care Box. Resus Review. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://resusreview.com/2013/disaster-critical-care-box/
• Bruen, C. Media Relations during Disaster Situations. Resus Review. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://resusreview.com/2013/media-relations-during-disaster-situations/

Not Open Access Written Resources

Book Chapters

• Hendrickson RG, Horowitz BZ. Chapter 6. Disaster Preparedness and Response. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).
• Schultz CH, Koenig KL. Chapter 193. Disaster Preparedness In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2013 ISBN-10: 1455706051. ISBN-13: 978-1455706051. (Cited Dec 4, 2013)

Field Disaster Response

Open Access Written Resources

Blog Articles

• Devlin, Mick. Disasters. DEM Thursday Education. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://demted.com/2013/06/disasters/utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+DEMTED+%28DEMTED%29
• Joshi, N. ALiEM Sim Case Series: Mass Casualty Building Bombing. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine. Lin, M. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://academiclifeinem.com/aliem-sim-case-series-mass-casualty-building-bombing/
• Bruen, C. ED personnel at the scene of a disaster. Resus Review. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://resusreview.com/2013/ed-personnel-at-the-scene-of-a-disaster/
• Bruen, C. Mass Casualty Triage. Resus Review. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://resusreview.com/2013/mass-casualty-triage/

Natural Disasters

Not Open Access Written Resources

Book Chapters

• Mills LD, Avegno J. Chapter 7. Natural Disasters. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).
• Noji EK, Crook JE. Chapter 86. Natural Disaster Management. In: Auerbach PS. Wilderness Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2012 ISBN 978-1-4377-1678-8
• Reed SB. Chapter 89. Disaster Risk Management Issues. In: Auerbach PS. Wilderness Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2012 ISBN 978-1-4377-1678-8
• Venugopal R, Coppock K, Johnson K et al. Chapter 88. Global Humanitarian Medicine and Disaster Relief. In: Auerbach PS. Wilderness Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2012 ISBN 978-1-4377-1678-8

Bomb and Blast Injuries

Open Access Written Resources

Blog Articles

• Donaldson R. Crush Syndrome. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. October 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Crush_Syndrome

Not Open Access Written Resources

Book Chapters

• Halpern P. Chapter 8. Bomb, Blast, and Crush Injuries. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).

Prehospital Medicine

EMS

Open Access Written Resources

Journal Articles and Guidelines

• Hamilton, Thomas. EMTALA-"Parking" of Emergency Medical Service Patients in Hospitals. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 2006. Accessed 28 December 2013 at www.aaem.org/UserFiles/file/emtala_cms.pdf

Blog Articles

• Brown, J. Free Study Guide for EMS Board Exam. ALiEM. Published 5 October 2013. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://academiclifeinem.com/study-guide-for-ems-board-exam/
• Orman, S. Prehospital Scene Management. Auckland HEMS. December 11, 2012. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://aucklandhems.com/2012/12/11/prehospital-scene-management/

Slide Sets

• Hankins, D. The Mayo Clinic Medical Transport Risk Assessment Tool. 2013. Mayo Clinic. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://www.aeromedsocaustralasia.org/img.ashx?f=f&p=melbourne_2013%2fHANKINS_Daniel.pdf
• Phee-Khen, C. Patients Under Fire: Helicopter Transfer In A Disaster. 2013. Aeromedical Society of Australasia. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://www.aeromedsocaustralasia.org/img.ashx?f=f&p=melbourne_2013%2fLOW_Lieh-Yong.pdf
• Raj, V. To Fly Or Not To Fly The Dilemma of Transferring Interfacility Patients. 2013. Society of Aeromedicine Malaysia. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://www.aeromedsocaustralasia.org/img.ashx?f=f&p=melbourne_2013%2fRAJ_Vinod.pdf

Open Access Adiovisual Resources

Video

• Anderson, D. The History of Prehospital and Retrieval Medicine. 2013. Emergence Phenomena. Accessed on 27 October 2013. http://singem.blogspot.com/2013/03/history-of-prehospital-care.html (7m 4s)

Podcasts

• Darnobid, A. Prehospital airway and board certification. 2013. PHARM. Accessed on 27 October 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/05/30/pharm-podcast-71-ems-physician-dr-adam-darnobid-on-prehospital-airway-care-and-board-certification/ (1hllm39s)
• Mattu, A. Can't Miss Prehospital EKGs. 2013. Emergency ECG of the Week. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://ekgumem.tumblr.com/post/60754499576/cant-miss-prehospital-ecgs-episode (15m 1s)
• Newman, D. Ambulance diversion affects at-risk populations most. October 2010. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcasts. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/oct2010/05%20-%2010_2010%20-%20Ambulance_Transport.mp3 (2m39s)
• Newman, D. EMS on-scene times and trauma outcomes. February 2013. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcasts. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/feb2013/04_02_2013_EMS_on_scene_times_trauma_mortality.mp3 (3m9s)
• Reid, C. Interhospital Patient Assessment. 2013. Greater Sydney Area HEMS Podcasts. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://nswhems.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/gsa-hems-3.m4a (14m26s)
• Shreves, A. Ambulance diversion: what happens if we’re not allowed? March 2013. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcast. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/mar2013/07_03_2013_Ambulance_diversion_effects.mp3 (2m40s)

Not Open Access Written Resources

Book Chapters

• Mechem CC. Chapter 1. Emergency Medical Services. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).
• Blackwell, T. Chapter 190. Emergency Medical Services: Overview and Ground Transport. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2013 ISBN-10: 1455706051. ISBN-13: 978-1455706051. (Cited Dec 4, 2013)

Prehospital Equipment and Adjuncts

Open Access Written Resources

Journal Articles and Guidelines

• Calland, V. Extrication of the seriously injury road crash victim. Emerg Med J. 2005 Nov;22(11):817-21. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://emj.bmj.com/content/22/11/817.full.pdf+html
• Lee, C , Porter, K, The Prehospital Management of Pelvic Fractures. Emerg Med J. 2007 Feb;24(2):130-3. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658194/pdf/130.pdf
• Stiver, S, Manley, G. Prehospital management of traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Focus 25 (4):E5, 2008 p1-11. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/FOC.2008.25.10.E5
• Thakore, S, and Murphy, N. "The potential role of prehospital administration of activated charcoal." Emergency medicine journal 19.1 (2002): 63-65. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1725753/pdf/v019p00063.pdf

Blog Articles

• Donaldson R. Adult Quick Drug Card. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Adult_Quick_Drug_Card
• Donaldson R. Intranasal sedation. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Intranasal_Sedation
• Orman, S. Analysing Communication Errors in and Air Medical Transport Service. Auckland HEMS. 2013. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://aucklandhems.com/2013/07/01/analysing-communication-errors-in-an-air-medical-transport-service/
• Orman, S. Pre-Hospital to ED handover. Auckland HEMS. November 26, 2012. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://aucklandhems.com/2012/11/26/pre-hospital-to-ed-handover/
• Orman, S. Prehospital blood product use. Auckland HEMS. 1 August 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://aucklandhems.com/2013/08/01/prehospital-blood-product-use/
• Orman, S. Prehospital Tranexamic Acid use in primary and secondary air medical evacuation. Auckland HEMS. October 2013. http://aucklandhems.com/2013/10/01/prehospital-tranexamic-acid-use-in-primary-and-secondary-air-medical-evacuation/
• Orman, S. Quik-what? Auckland HEMS. January 15, 2013. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://aucklandhems.com/2013/01/15/quik-what/
• Orman, S. Weinmann 'Medumat Transport' Ventilator. Auckland HEMS. November 29, 2012. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://aucklandhems.com/2012/11/29/weinmann-medumat-transport-ventilator/
• petro82, Ever done an RSI in a helicopter? Here's a recent simulation experience! Auckland HEMS. December 12, 2012. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://aucklandhems.com/2012/12/12/ever-done-an-rsi-in-a-helicopter-heres-a-recent-simulation-experience/
• rfdsdoc. Critical Care Transport Drug infucion Card and RSI Checklist Downloads from Dr Peter Sherren. PHARM. 2012. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2012/07/09/critical-care-transport-drug-infusion-card-and-rsi-checklist-downloads-from-dr-peter-sherren/
• rfdsdoc. Norweigian paper suggests stop routine prehospital cervial collar use. PHARM: Prehospital and Retrieval Medicine. 2013. Accessed on 27 October 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/09/07/norwegian-paper-suggests-stop-routine-prehospital-cervical-collar-use/
• rfdsdoc. Prehospital analgesia using intranasal S-Ketamine - case series from Sweden. PHARM. 2013. Accessed on 27 October 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/05/19/prehospital-analgesia-using-intranasal-s-ketamine-case-series-from-sweden/

Open Access Adiovisual Resources

Video

• Geoff-Ramin Modes of Transport. 2013. PHARM. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/11/09/modes-of-transport/ (24m28s)
• Habig, K. Rapid Sequence Intubation in Retrieval Medicine. 2013. Greater Sydney Area HEMS. Accessed 10 Nov 2013. http://sydneyhems.com/2013/01/05/rapid-sequence-intubation-in-retrieval-medicine/ (22m41s)
• Spano, S. Intranasal Midazolam is a Viable Alternative to Intravenous Midazolam for Prehospital Seizure. 2013. Academic Emergency Medicine. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://vimeo.com/66337451 (3m 16s)

Podcasts

• Bauer, E. Ventilator Management in the EMS World Parts 1-3. 2012. Flightbridge ED. Accessed October 27th, 2013.. https://www.flightbridgeed.com/home/index.php?option=com_easyblog&view=latest&Itemid=674&limitstart=25 (48m, 48m, 56m)
• Lyon, R. Pharm Podcast 49 - Prehospital resuscitation and TOPCAT2 with Dr Richard Lyon. 2012. PHARM. Accessed on 10 November 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2012/11/09/pharm-podcast-49-prehospital-resuscitation-and-topcat2-with-dr-richard-lyon/ (20m07s)
• Newman, D. Intravenous access by EMS – too much? April 2012. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcasts. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/apr2012/08_03_2012_EMS_IV_placement_outcomes.mp3 (2m45s)
• Reid, C. The Trapped Patient. 2013. Greater Sydney Area HEMS Podcasts. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://nswhems.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/gsa-hems-2.m4a (6m8s)
• Shreves, A. Endotracheal intubation: should EMS do it for head injuries? December 2012. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcasts. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/dec2012/07_12_2012_EMS_endotracheal_intubation_for_head_trauma_a_review.mp3 (1m20s)
• Shreves, A. Multicenter randomized trial of laryngoscope blades in the prehospital environment. March 2011. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcasts. Accesed on 14 January 2014. http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/mar2011/05_03_2011-Laryngoscope_Blades.mp3 (2m19s).
• Shreves, A. Sufentanyl for prehospital pain control, a randomized trial. November 2010. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcasts. Accessed 14 January 2014. http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/nov2010/07%20-%2011_2010%20-%20Sufentanyl_for_OOH_Pain.mp3 (3m28s)

Not Open Access Written Resources

Book Chapters

• Hankins DG, Boggust A. Chapter 2. Prehospital Equipment and Adjuncts. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).

Air Medical Transport

Open Access Written Resources

Journal Articles and Guidelines

• Milligan, J, Jones, C, Helm, D, et al. The principles of Aeromedical retrieval of the critically ill. Trends in Anesthesia and Critical Care 1 (2011) p22-26. Accessed On 14 January 2014. http://careflight.org/_pdf/medical_publication_64.pdf

Slide Sets

• Edgar, C. Clinical Helicopter Access. 2013. Aeromedical Society of Australasia. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://www.aeromedsocaustralasia.org/img.ashx?f=f&p=melbourne_2013%2fEDGAR_Cameron.pdf
• Hincksman, N. Development of an aeromedical tool for early recognition of the deteriorating patient during pre-flight inter-hospital transfer (IHT) assessments. 2013. Med Star. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://www.aeromedsocaustralasia.org/img.ashx?f=f&p=melbourne_2013%2fHINCKSMAN_Natalie.pdf
• Moore, A. Tailoring Aeromedical Retrival Systems To Suit the Resources Available. 2013. AEA Aerospace Group. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://www.aeromedsocaustralasia.org/img.ashx?f=f&p=melbourne_2013%2fMOORE_Andrew.pdf
• Munford, B. Aviation Physiology. November 2012. Wales Medical Retrieval Service. Acessed on 14 January 2014. http://www.slideshare.net/nswhems/aviation-medicine

Open Access Adiovisual Resources

Podcasts

• Abernethy, M. PHARM Podcast 74 Air Ambulance Safety with Dr Mike Abernethy. 2013. PHARM. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/06/24/pharm-podcast-74-air-ambulance-safety-with-dr-mike-abernethy/ (42m33s)
• Ming, L and Reid, C. Preperation for patient retrieval. 2013. PHARM. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/04/24/pharm-podcast-66-patient-preparation-in-retrieval-medicine/
• Newman, D. Cost-effectiveness of helicopter EMS. October 2013. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcasts. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/oct2013/10_10_2013_Cost-effectiveness_of_helicopter_EMS.mp3 (5m35s)

Not Open Access Written Resources

Book Chapters

• Allen RC, Cooper JL. Chapter 40. Helicopter Rescue and Aeromedical Transport. In: Auerbach PS. Wilderness Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2012 ISBN 978-1-4377-1678-8
• Rodenberg H, Blumen I, Thomas S. Chapter 191. Air Medical Transport.In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2013 ISBN-10: 1455706051. ISBN-13: 978-1455706051. (Cited Dec 4, 2013)
• Stone CK, Thomas SH. Chapter 3. Air Medical Transport. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).

Neonatal and Pediatric Transport

Open Access Written Resources

Journal Articles and Guidelines

• Lammers, R, Byrwa, M, Fales, W. Root Causes of Errors in a Simulated Prehospital Pediatric Emergency. Acad Emerg Med. 2012 Jan;19(1):37-47. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://images.publicaster.com/ImageLibrary/account3286/documents/Root%20Causes%20of%20Errors%20paper.pdf

Blog Articles

• Donaldson R. Newborn Resuscitation. WikEm. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Newborn_Resuscitation
• Donaldson R. PALS (Main). WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/PALS_(Main)
• Donaldson R. PALS Bradycardia. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/PALS:_Bradycardia
• Donaldson R. PALS Pulseless Arrest WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Pediatric_Pulseless_Arrest
• Donaldson R. PALS Tachycardia. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/PALS:_Tachycardia
• Donaldson R. Resuscitation Neonatal. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Resuscitation_(Neonatal)
• Orman, S. Paediatric prehospital trauma care resources. Auckland HEMS. February 6, 2013. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://aucklandhems.com/2013/02/06/paediatric-prehospital-trauma-care-resources/

Slide Sets

• Tamassy, A. Ground Vs Air Transport for Neonates. Dies It Matter? 2013. Aeromedical Society of Australasia. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://www.aeromedsocaustralasia.org/img.ashx?f=f&p=melbourne_2013%2fTAMASSY_Ann-Marie.pdf

Not Open Access Written Resources

Book Chapters

• Wood. KS, Gordon PV. Chapter 4. Neonatal and Pediatric Transport. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).
• Woodward GA, Garrett AL, King BR, et al. Chapter 6. Emergency Medical Services and Transport Medicine. In: Fleigher GR, Ludwig S, Bachur RG et al., eds. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 6th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 2010 (cited Dec 4, 2013)

Mass Gatherings

Not Open Access Written Resources

Book Chapters

• Millin MG, Bonnes B. Chapter 5. Mass Gatherings. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).

Special Situations

Open Access Written Resources

Journal Articles and Guidelines

• Peterson, D, Martin-Gill, C, Guyette, F, et al. Outcomes of Medical Emergencies on Commerial Airline Flights. The New England Journal of Medicine 386:22. May 30, 2013. p2075-2083. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1212052
• Zils S, Codner P, Pirrallo R. Field Physician. Medical College of Wisconsin. 26 May 2011. Accessed on 15 January 2014. http://www.mcw.edu/FileLibrary/Groups/EmergencyMed/MIMAP/FieldPhysicianManual.pdf

Blog Articles

• Donaldson R. ACLS Tachycardia. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/ACLS:_Tachycardia
• Donaldson R. ACLS Treatable Conditions. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/ACLS_(Treatable_Conditions)
• Donaldson R. ACLS. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/ACLS_(Main)
• Donaldson R. Adult Pulseless Arrest. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Adult_Pulseless_Arrest
• Donaldson R. BLS (Main). WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/BLS_(Main)
• Kivelhan, S. Mechanical CPR and the LINC trial. ALiEM. 2013. Accessed 28 December 2013 at http://academiclifeinem.com/mechanical-cpr-linc-trial/
• Kivlehan, S. Prehospital: Does QUICKER hypothermia equal BETTER hypothermia?. ALiEM. 2013. Accessed 28 December 2013. http://academiclifeinem.com/prehospital-does-quicker-hypothermia-equal-better-hypothermia/
• Orman, S. Advanced Wilderness Life Support. Auckland HEMS. August 19, 2013. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://aucklandhems.com/2013/08/19/advanced-wilderness-life-support/
• Orman, S. Prehospital amputation. Auckland HEMS. August 1, 2013. Accessed on 15 January 2014. http://aucklandhems.com/2013/08/01/prehospital-amputation/
• Ostermayer D. ACLS Bradycardia. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. September 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/ACLS:_Bradycardia
• Ostermayer D. LVAD (Left Ventricular-Assist Device). WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. September 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/LVAD_(Left_Ventricular-Assist_Device)
• Rezaie, S. Mechanical vs Manual CPR Chest Compressions. ALiEM. Published 23 October 2013. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://academiclifeinem.com/mechanical-vs-manual-cpr/
• Rezaie, S. Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and prehospital intubation. Academic life in Emergency Medicine. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://academiclifeinem.com/out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest-and-prehospital-intubation/
• Rezaie, S. Prehospital ECG and STEMI activation: A Good Idea? Academic Life in Emergency Medicine. 2013. Accessed 27 October 2013. http://academiclifeinem.com/prehospital-ecg-and-stemi-activation-a-good-idea/
• rfdsdoc . Prehospital interventions for penetrating trauma victims: ALS or BLS who knows? PHARM. 2013. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/02/11/prehospital-interventions-for-penetrating-trauma-victims-als-or-bls-who-knows/

Open Access Adiovisual Resources

Video

• Codner, Panna. Field Amputation. 2013. Medical College of Wisconsin. Accessed on 15 January 2014. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ZU0I6_rnw_E (14m37s)
• Le Cong, M. Trauma Airway in Prehospital and Retrieval Medicine. 2013. PHARM: Prehospital and Retrieval Medicine. Accessed on 27 October 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/07/02/trauma-airway-in-prehospital-and-retrieval-medicine-anzca-trauma-airway-joint-sig-meeting-29th-june-2013/ (27m 50s)
• Royal Flying Doctor Service. Psychiatric Aeromedical Retrieval. 2013. PHARM. Accessed 10 November 2013. http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/11/09/psychiatric-aeromedical-retrieval/ (32m47s)

Podcasts

• Newman, D. EMS-hospital relations in high performing cardiac care. February 2013. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcasts. Accessed on 14 January 2014. http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/feb2013/06_02_2013_EMS_and_STEMI_management_success.mp3 (4m28s)
• Reynolds, T and David, N. November 2009 Issue. Annals of Emergency Medicine Podcast. Accessed on 14 January 2014 (37m23s). http://podcasts.elsevierhealth.com/ymem/november2009.mp3

Not Open Access Written Resources

Book Chapters

• Schwartz RB, McManus JG. Chapter 192. Tactical Emergency Medicine Support and Urban Search and Rescue. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2013 ISBN-10: 1455706051. ISBN-13: 978-1455706051. (Cited Dec 4, 2013)
• Cooper DC, Lavalla PH, Stoffel RC. Chapter 37. Search and Rescue. In: Auerbach PS. Wilderness Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2012 ISBN 978-1-4377-1678-8
• Hubbell FR. Chapter 36. Wilderness Emergency Medical Services and Response Systems. In: Auerbach PS. Wilderness Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2012 ISBN 978-1-4377-1678-8
• Zafren K, McCurley LH, Shimanski C, et al. Chapter 38. Technical Rescue, Self-Rescue, and Evacuation. In: Auerbach PS. Wilderness Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2012 ISBN 978-1-4377-1678-8

Mass Casualty Incidences

Chemical Agents and Mass Casualties

Open Access

Journal Articles and Guidelines

• Biddinger, A. Baggish, L. Harrington, et.al "Be prepared--the Boston Marathon and mass-casualty events.", The New England journal of medicine, 2013 May 23;368(21):1958-60. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1305480. Epub 2013 May 1 Accessed 11/9/2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23635020
• Vatansever, F' Ferraresi, C; "Can Biowarfare Agents be defeated with Light" Virulence 2013; 4:34 - 33; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/viru.26475; PMID: 24067444 Accessd 11/25/13
• George, G. Ramsay, K. Rochester, M. Et. Al. Facilities for chemical decontamination in accident and emergency departments in the United Kingdom Emerg Med J 2002 19: 453-457 doi: 10.1136/emj.19.5.453 http://emj.bmj.com/content/19/5/453.full.pdf

Blog Articles

• Bach LK and Walton B. “Las Vegas Dodged a Bullet: Chlorine-hauling tanker rolls free. Workers able to board, activate brake.” Las Vegas Review Journal, 30 Aug 2007. Accessed 11/9/13 http://www.lvrj.com/news/9466232.html
• Unknown "Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction" http://crashingpatient.com/ems-disaster/chemical-weapons-mass-destruction.htm/ Accessed 11/25/13
• “Chemical Time Bombs”. Editorial. New York Times, 10 May 2005.Accessed 11/9/13 http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/10/opinion/10tues1.html
• Belke JC. Chemical accident risks in U.S. industry -A preliminary analysis of accident risk data from U.S. hazardous chemical facilities.Accessed 11/9/13 http://www.epa.gov/ceppo/pubs/stockholmpaper.pdf
• Joshi, N. Mass Casualty Anticipation http://academiclifeinem.com/mass-casualty-anticipation-an-essential-instinctual-skill-of-em-physicians/ Academic Life in EM 12 July 2013 Accessed 27 October 2013
• Joshi, N.Mass Casualty Anticipation an Essential Instinctual Skill July 12 2013 Accessed 11/9/13 http://academiclifeinem.com/mass-casualty-anticipation-an-essential-instinctual-skill-of-em-physicians Academic Life in EM
• Unknown "Biological Weapons of Mass Destruction" http://crashingpatient.com/ems-disaster/biological-weapons-mass-destruction.htm/ Accessed 11/25/13
• Baker, D. "The Problem of secondary contamination following chemical agent release" Critical Care 2005, 9:323-324 (22 March 2005) http://ccforum.com/content/9/4/323 Accessed 11/25/13
• Runyon M. Level of PPE Updated December 2011 http://www.carolinascoreconcepts.com/?s=vesicants Acessed 11/25/13
• Shin, D. Choi, P. Na, J "Utility of the Pentas-AWS in performing tracheal intubation while wearing chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear personal protective equiptment: a randomised crossover trial using a manikin" EM:PA Blog June 2013 http://empasite.com/utility-of-the-pentax-aws-in-performing-tracheal-intubation-while-wearing-chemical-biological-radiation-and-nuclear-personal-protective-equipment-a-randomised-crossover-trial-using-a-manikin/ Accessed 12/9/13
• Joshi, N. Sim Case Series Mass. Casualty Building Bombing July 5 2012 Accessed 11/9/13 http://academiclifeinem.com/aliem-sim-case-series-mass-casualty-building-bombing/
• Lee, C Disaster and Mass Casualty Triage. Virtual Mentor. June 2010, Volume 12, Number 6: 466-470.http://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2010/06/cprl1-1006.html
• Thoma, B. START protocol for mass casualty triage http://boringem.org/2013/05/21/tiny-tips-start-protocol-for-mass-casualty-triage/ 21 May 2013. Tiny tips blog boring EM. Accessed 27 October 2013
• Timbie, J. Ringel, D. Fox, S. "Systematic review of Strategies to Manage and Allocate Scarce Resources During Mass Casualty Events" EM:PA Blog March 23 2013 http://empasite.com/systematic-review-of-strategies-to-manage-and-allocate-scarce-resources-during-mass-casualty-events/ Accessed 12/9/13

Not Open Access

Journal articles

• Baud FJ, Barriot P, Toffis V, et al. Elevated blood cyanide concentrations in victims of smoke inhalation. NEJM 1991;325:1761-1766.
• LTC George W. Christopher, USAF, MC; LTC Theodore J. Cieslak, Biological Warfare A Historical Perspective JAMA. 1997;278(5):412-417. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=417896 Accessed 11/25/13
• Zuzek, C. "The night west blew up.", Texas medicine, 2013 Jul 1;109(7):41-5 Accessed 11/9/2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818221
• Tami, G., Bruria, A, Fabiana E. et al. "An after-action review tool for EDs: learning from mass casualty incidents.", The American journal of emergency medicine, May;31(5):798-802. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.01.025. Epub 2013 Mar 6. Accessed 11/9/2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23481154

Book Chapters

• Schultz CH, Koenig KL. Chapter 194. Weapons of Mass Destruction. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2013 ISBN-10: 1455706051. ISBN-13: 978-1455706051. (Cited Dec 4, 2013)
• Horowitz BZ, Hendrickson. Chapter 9. Chemical Agents and Mass Casualties. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).
• Horowitz BZ, Hendrickson. Chapter 9. Chemical Agents and Mass Casualties. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).
• Erik A. Henchal, George V. Ludwig, Chris A. Whitehouse, and John M. Scherer Military Textbook of Medicine Laboratory identification of Biologic Threats Accessed 11/9/13 https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/biological_warfare/BW-ch18.pdf
• International Atomic Energy AgencyManual for First Responders to a Radiological Emergency 2006 Accessed 11/9/13 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/EPR_FirstResponder_web.pdf

High Risk Chemicals

Open Access

Journal Articles and Guidelines

• Stephen S. Arnon, MD; Robert Schechter, MD; Botulinum Toxin as a Biological Weapon Medical and Public Health Management JAMA. 2001;285(8):1059-1070 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193600 Accessed 11/25/13
• Kamal SM1*, Rashid AKM M2, Anthrax, An Update. 2011.Asian Pac J Trop BioMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614207/pdf/apjtb-01-06-496.pdf Accessed 11/25/13
• Thomas V. Inglesby, MD; Tara O'Toole, MD, Anthrax as a Biological Weapon, 2002 Updated Recommendations for Management JAMA. 2002;287(17):2236-2252. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=194886 Accessed 11/25/13
• Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, et al. Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses as Biological Weapons: Medical and Public Health Management. JAMA. 2002;287(18):2391-2405. doi:10.1001/jama.287.18.2391. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=194908 ACCESSED 11/25/13
• Dennis DT, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, et al. Tularemia as a Biological Weapon: Medical and Public Health Management. JAMA. 2001;285(21):2763-2773. doi:10.1001/jama.285.21.2763. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193894 ACCESSED 11/25/13
• Donald A. Henderson, MD, MPH; Thomas V. Inglesby, MD; Smallpox as a Biological Weapon Medical and Public Health Management JAMA. 1999;281(22):2127-2137. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=190320 Accessed 11/25/13
• Inglesby TV, Dennis DT, Henderson DA, et al. Plague as a Biological Weapon: Medical and Public Health Management. JAMA. 2000;283(17):2281-2290. doi:10.1001/jama.283.17.2281. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=192665 ACCESED 11/25/13

Blog Articles

• Brodsky BH. “Industrial Chemicals as Weapons: Chlorine” Monterey Institute of International Studies, 31 July 2007. Access 11/9/13 http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_89.html
• Donaldson R. Anthrax. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. June 2011 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Anthrax
• Donaldson R. Bioterrorism. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Bioterrorism
• Donaldson R. Botulism. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. February 2012 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Botulism
• Donaldson R. Ricin. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. August 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Ricin
• Donaldson R. Smallpos. WikEM. Editor Donaldson R. June 2011 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Smallpox
• Kraushaar, V "Intern Report" http://drhem.com/2012/01/23/intern-report-5-10/ Jan 23 2012. Detroit Receiving Blog. Accessed 11/25/13

Not Open Access

Journal Articles

• Burgess JL. Phosphine exposure from a methamphetamine laboratory investigation. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2001;39(2):165-8.
• Burkhart K. Methyl Bromide and Other Fumigants, in Goldfrank’s Toxicological Emergencies; Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum N, Hoffman RS, et al (eds.) McGraw-Hill Professional, 8th edition, 2006.
• Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, Dawson AH. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet. 2008 Feb. 16;371(9612):597–607. PMC2493390 Emergency Medicine Ireland Blog http://emergencymedicineireland.com/?s=chemical Accessed 11/25/13
• Wax PM, et al. Unexpected "gas" casualties in Moscow: a medical toxicology perspective. Ann Emerg Med 2003;41:700-5
• Burns MJ, Linden CH, Graudins A, et al. A comparison of physostigmine and benzodiazepines for the treatment of anticholinergic poisoning. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37(2):239-41.
• Busul, K; Bleck, T. "Treatment of Neuroterrorism" Neurotherapeutics (2012) 9:139–157 http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/484/art%253A10.1007%252Fs13311-011-0097-2.pdf?auth66=1385539265_454e0ebaa38182e7f6a6423afa6ed18f&ext=.pdf Accessed 11/25/13
• Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. Feb 28 2001;285(8):1059-70.

Bioterrorism Recognition, Response, and the ED Clinician

Open Access

Journal Articles and Guidelines

• Wein LM, Liu Y. Analyzing a bioterror attack on the food supply: the case of botulinum toxin in milk. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2005;102(28):9984-9989. http://www.pnas.org/content/102/28/9984.full Accessed 11/17/13
• Skyberg, J "Immunotherapy for Tularemia" virulence 4:8, 1–12; November 15, 2013; © 2013 landes Bioscience https://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/virulence/2012VIRULENCE0114R.pdf ACCESSED 11/25/13
• John L Hick, Lewis Rubinson, Daniel T O'Laughlin, J Christopher Farmer Clinical review: Allocating ventilators during large-scale disasters – problems, planning, and process Critical Care 2007, 11:217 (June 19 2007) http://ccforum.com/search/results?terms=bioterror Accessed 11/25/13
• Kirsty Challen, Andrew Bentley, John Bright, Darren WalterClinical review: Mass casualty triage – pandemic influenza and critical care Critical Care 2007, 11:212 (30 April 2007)http://ccforum.com/search/results?terms=bioterror Accessed 11/25/13
• Murray DB et al. rapid and complete bioavailability of antidotes for organophosphorus nerve agent and cyanide poisoning in minipigs after intraosseous administration. Annals Em Med. 2012; 60(4); 4240430

Blog Articles

• Noltkamper D, Burgher SW, Toxicity, Phosgene. eMedicine from WebMD. July 2013Accessed 11/9/13 http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic849.htm

US EPA EPA’s Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGL) Definitions 1/11/12 Accessed 11/9/13: http://earth1.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/pubs/define.htm

• Sandman P. Crisis communication: Guidelines for action. 2005. http://www.psandman.com/handouts/AIHA-DVD.htm. Accessed 11/17/13
• Berger, ME. Leonard, RB Et.Al. "Hospital Triage in the First 24 Hours after a Nucelar or Radiological Disaster" https://orise.orau.gov/reacts/resources/hospital-triage.aspx Accessed 11/17/13
• Arnold JL, Lavonas E: CBRNE – Personal Protective Equipment . eMedicine Journal [serial online]. 2001 Available at: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic894.htm.
• EU Health & Safety Executive report from Control of Major Accidental Hazards- COMAH. May 2006 Accessed 11/9/13 http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/caseuncarbide84.htm

Podcasts

• Herbert, M. Moran, G. "Bioterrorism" EM: RAP 2001 74:42 min http://www.emrap.org/episode/2001/november/bioterrorism Accessed 12/9/13

Not Open Access

Journal Articles

• Cole LA. Bioterrorism threats: learning from inappropriate responses. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2000;6(4):8-18.
• Durodie B, Wessely S. Resilience or panic? The public and terrorist attack. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1901-1902.
• Keim MJ: Terrorism involving cyanide: The prospect of improving preparedness in the prehospital setting. Prehosp Disast Med 2006;21(2):s56–s60. Accessed 11/17/13
• Dhara VR, Dhara R. The Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal: a review of health effects. Arch Environ Health 2002;57:391-404.
• Burrows WD and Renner SE. Biological warfare agents as threats to potable water. Environ Helath Perspect 1999;107(12):975-984.
• Houts PS, McDougall MS. Importance of evaluating the context in which notification occurs. AM J Industr Med 2007;23(1):205-210.
• Bardana EJ Jr. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS): guidelines for diagnosis and treatment and insight into likely prognosis. Ann Allergy, Asthma, Immunol 1999; 83(6 Pt 2):583-586.
• Bosse GM. Nebulized sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of chlorine gas inhalation. J Tox Clin Tox 1994;32(3):233-241.
• Hoffman JR et al. The empiric use of naloxone in patients with altered mental status: a reappraisal. Ann Emerg Med 1991;20:246-52.
• Klasner A, Scalzo A, Blume C, Johnson P, Thompson M. Marked hypocalcemia and ventricular fibrillation in two pediatric patients exposed to a fluoride-containing wheel cleaner. Ann Emerg Med 1996;28(6):713-718.
• Lee DC, Wiley JF 2nd, Synder JW 2nd.Treatment of inhalational exposure to hydrofluoric acid with nebulized calcium gluconate. J Occup Med 1993;35:470
• Peddy SB, Rigby MR, Shaffner DH. Acute cyanide poisoning. Pediatr Crit Care 2006;7(1):79-82.
• Benedek D, Holloway H, Becker S. Emergency mental health management of bioterrorism events. Emerg Med Clin N Am. 2002;20:1-15.
• Bowler R, Mergler D, Huel G, Cone J. Aftermath of a chemical spill: Psychological and physiological sequelae. Neurotoxicology. Fall 1994;15(3):723-729.

Book Chapters

• Macintyre AG, Barbera JA. Chapter 10. Bioterrorism Recognition and Response: Implications for the Emergency Clinician. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).
• Scarfone RJ, Fred MH, Cieslak TJ., et al. Chapter 07. Emergency Department Recognition and Management of Victims of Biological and Chemical Terrorism. In: *Fleigher GR, Ludwig S, Bachur RG et al., eds. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 6th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 2010 (cited Dec 4, 2013)
• Bret K. Purcell, Patricia L. Worsham, and Arthur M. Friedlander Military Textbook of Medicine Anthrax Accessed 11/9/13https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/biological_warfare/BW-ch04.pdf
• Mark A. Poli, Chad Roy, Kermit D. Huebner, David R. Franz, and Nancy K. Jaax Military Textbook of Medicine Ricin Accessed 11/9/13 https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/biological_warfare/BW-ch15.pdf
• Zygmunt F. Dembek, Leonard A. Smith, and Janice M. Rusnak Military Textbook of Medicine Botulinum Toxiun Accessed 11/9/13 https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/biological_warfare/BW-ch16.pdf
• Dembek Z. Pavlin J, Kortepeter M. Military Textbook of Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Accessed 11/9/13https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/biological_warfare/BW-ch03.pdf
• James W. Martin, George W. Christopher, and Edward M. Eitzen, Jr Military Textbook of Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Accessed 11/9/13 https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/biological_warfare/BW-ch01.pdf
• Kermit D. Huebner and James W. Martin Military Textbook of Medicine Consequence Management: The Local and National Response Accessed 11/9/13 https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/biological_warfare/BW-ch19.pdf
• Theodore J. Cieslak and George W. Christopher Military Textbook of Medicine Medical management of Potential Biochemical Casualties: A stepwise Approach Accessed 11/9/13 https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/biological_warfare/BW-ch20.pdf

Radiation Injuries

Open Access

Journal Articles and Guidelines

• Case, C. "Acute Radiation Syndrome Treatment Guidelines" Sept 2010 http://www.ritn.net/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2147483696 Accessed 11/17/13

Blog Articles

• Glassman E. Radiation Exposure (Disaster). WikEM. Editor Donaldson, R. September 2013 update. Accessed October 2013. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Radiation_Exposure_(Disaster)
• Mani, A: "Radiation Illness Revision Notes" Jan 2012 ED Trauma Critical Care Blog http://www.edtcc.com/blog/2012/1/22/radiation-illness-revision-notes.html Accessed 11/25/13
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Possible Health Effects of Radiation Exposure on Unborn Babies. CDC: Emergency Preparedness and Response. Accessed Dec 2008 from: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/prenatal.asp Accessed 11/17/13
• Focus Information Tech Ionizing Radiation During Pregnancy. Exposure to radiation and physical agents during pregnancy. Updated 2003 www.perinatology.com/exposures/Physical/Xray.htm Accessed 11/17/13
• United States Department of Labor: Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA). Safety and Health Topics: Ionizing Radiation. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/radiationionizing/ Accessed 11/17/13
• United States Department of Labor: OSHA. Safety and Health Topics: Non-Ionizing Radiation. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/radiation_nonionizing/index.html Accessed 11/17/13
• EM Crit " Dealing with Radiological Implants and How to use the Geiger Counter" Feb 2012 EHC Emergency Department Blog http://ehced.org/2012/02/dealing-with-radiological-implants-and-how-to-use-the-geiger-counter/ Accessed 11/25/13
• Radiation Event Medical Management: Explaining Biodosimetry. National Library of Medicine. http://www.remm.nlm.gov/explainbiodosimetry.htm Accessed 1/17/13
• US Dept Health and Human Services Radiation Event Medical Management: Dose Estimator (Biodosimetry Tools). National Library of Medicine. Aug 2013 http://www.remm.nlm.gov/ars_wbd.htm#vomit Accessed 11/17/13
• Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site REAC/TS "The Medical Aspects of Radiation incidents" Sept 2013 http://orise.orau.gov/files/reacts/medical-aspects-of-radiation-incidents.pdf Accessed 11/17/13
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cutaneous Radiation Injury: Fact Sheet for Physicians. CDC: Emergency Preparedness and Response. Accessed Dec 2008 from: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/criphysicianfactsheet.asp Accessed 11/171/13
• US Dept of Health and Human Services "Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome. Radiation Event Medical Management: Guidance on Diagnosis & Treatment for Health Care Providers". Aug 2013 from: http://www.remm.nlm.gov/cutaneoussyndrome.htm Acessed 11/17/13
• CDC "Fact Sheet Radiation EmErgency Acute Radiation Syndrome" ED Trauma Critical Care Blog 2005 http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/arsphysicianfactsheet.pdf Accessed 11/26/13
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Acute Radiation Syndrome: Physician Fact Sheet. CDC Emergency Preparedness and Response. Accessed Dec 2008 from: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/arsphysicianfactsheet.asp Accessed 11/171/13
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency Preparedness and Response: Radiation Emergencies. Accessed Dec 2008 from: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/ Accessed 11/17/13
• Holt M, Andrews A. Nuclear Power Plant Security and Vulnerabilities. CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service; 2008. Accessed Dec 2008 from: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL34331.pdf
• US Dept of Energy Managing Radiation Emergencies: Guidance for Hospital Medical Management. REAC/TS Guidance for Radiation Accident Management http://orise.orau.gov/reacts/guide/emergency.htm#Decontamination Accessed 11/17/13
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency Preparedness and Response. Fact Sheet: Prussian Blue. Accessed Dec 2008 from: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/prussianblue.asp Accessed 11/171/13
• Unknown "Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies and Weapons of Mass Destruction" Major Radiation (NEJM 346:20 May 16, 2002) http://crashingpatient.com/ems-disaster/wmd-nuclear-radiological.htm/ Accessed 11/25/13
• Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS): Guidance for Radiation Accident Management . Available at: http://www.orau.gov/reacts/manage.htm.

Slide Sets

• US Dept of Health and Human Services, "Protecting yoursef during a Dirty Bomb" Jan 2008 http://tools.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/public/hasl_get_blob.cfm?ID=6209 Accessed 11/9/13
• Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors "Handbook for Responding to a radiation dispersal device" Sept 2006 http://tools.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/public/hasl_get_blob.cfm?ID=6229 Accessed 11/9/13
• Guidance for Radiation Accident Management "Procedure Demonstrations for Contaminated Patients" 2013 Accessed 11/17/13 https://orise.orau.gov/reacts/guide/procedures.htm

Video

• Oak ridge Institute for Science and Education "Understanding radiation Video Series" 2013. (1m 7s )https://orise.orau.gov/reacts/resources/radiation-videos.aspx

Not Open Access

Journal Articles

• LaTorre TE. Primer of Medical Radiobiology, 2nd ed. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.; 1989.
• Jarret D: Medical Management of Radiological Casualties Handbook. Bethesda, MD: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute; 1999.
• Landauer MR. Physiological and Psychological Impact of Low-Level Radiation: An Overview. Military Medicine. 2002;167(Suppl. 1):141-142.
• Patterson AJ. Ushering in the era of nuclear terrorism.[editorial] Crit Care Med 2007;35(3):953-954.
• Berger ME, O’Hare FM Jr, Ricks RC, editors. The Medical Basis for Radiation Accident Preparedness: The Clinical Care of Victims. REAC/TS Conference on the Medical Basis for Radiation Accident Preparedness. New York: Parthenon Publishing; 2002.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): Hospital Emergency Department-*Management of Radiation and Other Hazardous Material Accidents (HMA). 1994.
• Ferguson CD, Kazi T, Perera J. Commercial radioactive sources: surveying the security risks. Occasional Paper No. 11, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, CA; 2003. Accessed 11/17/13
• Gusev IA, Guskova AK, Mettler FA Jr, editors. Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, 2nd ed., New York: CRC Press, Inc.; 2001.
• Jarrett DG. Medical Management of Radiological Casualties Handbook, 1st ed. Bethesda, Maryland: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI); 1999.
• Mettler FA Jr, Voelz GL. Major radiation exposure – what to expect, how to respond. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1554-1561. Accessed 11/17/13
• Kuniak M, Azizova T, Day R, et al. The radiation injury severity classification system: an early injury assessment tool for the frontline healthcare provider. Br J Radiol 2008;81:232-243.
• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Management of Terrorist Events Involving Radioactive Material, NCRP Report No. 138. Bethesda, Maryland: NCRP; 2001.
• Parker DD, Parker JC. Estimating radiation dose from time to emesis and lymphocyte depletion. Health Physics. The Radiation Safety Journal 2007;93(6):701-704.
• Bennett MH, Feldmeier J, Hampson N, Smee R, Milross C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation tissue injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD005005.
• Dill C, Hoffman RS: Radiation Emergencies. Resident & Staff Physician 2002; 48: 24-33.

Book Chapters

• Catlett CL, Rogers JEB. Chapter 11. Radiation Injuries. In: Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski JS, Cline DM, et al., eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 (cited Oct 27, 2013).
• Andrews GA, Auxier JA, Lushbaugh CC. The Importance of Dosimetry to the Medical Management of Persons Exposed to High Levels of Radiation. In Personal Dosimetry for Radiation Accidents. Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency; 1965.

To be categorized

Open Access

Audiovisual

Podcasts

Prehospital

• PHARM Podcast 66 Patient Preparation in Retrieval Medicine http://prehospitalmed.com/2013/04/24/pharm-podcast-66-patient-preparation-in-retrieval-medicine/
• RESUS.ME Trauma Before and Beyond the Hospital: Patient Preparation in Retrieval Medicine http://resus.me/trauma-before-and-beyond-the-hospital/ (21 min)
• EM Basic The Prehospital Episode http://embasic.org/2012/02/20/the-prehospital-episode/ (14 min)
• Dario Gonzalez EMS and Prehospital Systems on an International Level http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/08/dario-gonzalez-ems-and-prehospital-systems-on-an-international-level/ (33 min)
• Maaret Castren (Sweden): Identification of Sepsis- Is it Possible in the Prehospital Setting? http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/maaret-castren-sweden-identification-of-sepsis-is-it-possible-in-the-prehospital-setting/ (16 min)
• Stephen C. Morris (Washington): Assessing Emergency Medical Systems in Low Income Countries http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/stephen-c-morris-washington-assessing-emergency-medical-systems-in-low-income-countries/ (19 min)
• Patrick Plaisance (France): Is Noninvasive Ventilation Beneficial in the Prehospital Setting? http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/patrick-plaisance-france-is-noninvasive-ventilation-beneficial-in-the-prehospital-setting/ (22 min)
• Brian Walsh (New Jersey): Should Prehospital Intubation be Deferred? http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/brian-walsh-new-jersey-should-prehospital-intubation-be-deferred/ (30 min)
• Brian Walsh (New Jersey): Prehospital Medications- How Well Do They Store http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/brian-walsh-new-jersey-prehospital-medications-how-well-do-they-store/ (18 min)
• Scott Weiner (Massachusetts): Update on Prehospital Airway and Resuscitation http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/scott-weiner-massachusetts-update-on-prehospital-airway-and-resusciation/ (29 min)
• Pierre Carli (France): Trends in Prehospital Emergency Care in Europe http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/pierre-carli-france-trends-in-prehospital-emergency-care-in-europe/ (25 min)
• Frederic Thys (Blegium):'Noninvasive Ventilation in the Prehospital Setting http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/frederic-thys-belgium-noninvasive-ventilation-in-the-prehospital-setting/ (24 min)
• Scott Weiner: Cutting-Edge Prehospital Techniques http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/05/scott-weiner-cutting-edge-prehospital-techniques/ (20 min)
• Brian Burns (Australia): Optimized Medical Team Configuration in Prehospital and Retrieval Medicine http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/07/brian-burns-australia-optimised-medical-team-configuration-in-prehospital-and-retrieval-medicine/ (21 min)

Disaster and Mass Casualty

• David Bradt (Australia): Evidence and Reporting in Disasters http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/07/david-bradt-australia-evidence-and-reporting-in-disasters/ (21 min)
• Efstratios Photiou (Italy): Risk Communication in Recent Disasters. How Did it Work? How Should it Work? http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/efstratios-photiou-italy-risk-communication-in-recent-disasters-how-did-it-work-how-should-it-work/ (12 min)
• Steve Photiou (Italy): Hospital Overcrowding as a Template for Medical Disaster Medicine http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/07/steve-photiou-italy-hospital-overcrowding-as-a-template-for-medical-disaster-medicine/ (13 min)
• Paul Dhillon (Canada): Social media and the Disaster Management Response: Current Evidence and Future Trends in Practice http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/07/paul-dhillon-canada-social-media-and-the-disaster-management-response-current-evidence-and-future-trends-in-practice/ (18 min)
• Gregory Ciottone (USA): Medical & Societal Impacts of Disasters: Lessons Learned from the 21st Century http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/07/gregory-ciottone-usa-medical-societal-impacts-of-disasters-lessons-learned-from-the-21st-century/ (22 min)
• Mick Molloy (Ireland): Disaster Medicine Education for Everyone: http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/07/mick-molloy-ireland-disaster-medicine-education-for-everyone/ (20 min)
• Michael Pulia: PTSD: Psychologic Manifestations of Disasters and Terrorism http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/06/michael-pulia-ptsd-psychologic-manifestations-of-disasters-and-terrorism/ (29 min)
• Elizabeth Devos (Florida): Psychological Issues in Disaster http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/elizabeth-devos-florida-psychological-issues-in-disaster/ (20 min)
• Francesco Della Corte (Italy): A Single European Response to Disaster Medicine http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/07/francesco-della-corte-italy-a-single-european-response-to-disaster-medicine/ (23 min)
• Massimo Azzaretto (Italy): Military versus Civilian Management of Disasters http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/07/massimo-azzaretto-italy-military-versus-civilian-management-of-disasters/ (17 min)
• John McManus (Texas): The Military and Disaster Medicine: Are We Speaking the Same Language and Are We Interested in the Same Things? http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/04/john-mcmanus-texas-the-military-and-disaster-medicine-are-we-speaking-the-same-language-and-are-we-interested-in-the-same-things/ (20 min)
• Andrew Johnson: Why an Emergency Physician is Ideal for Directing Disaster Relief http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/06/andrew-johnson-why-an-emergency-physician-is-ideal-for-directing-disaster-relief/ (31 min)
• R Bristow, E Calvello, P Cameron, J Holliman, L Wallis: Humanitarian Relief and Disaster Medicine http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/08/robert-bristow-emilie-calvello-peter-cameron-jim-holliman-lee-wallis-humanitarian-relief-and-disaster-medicine/ (40 min)
• Narayan Ramachandran (Oman): State of Disaster Preparedness Around the World: How Much Do Local Factors Influence Our Plans? Asian Perspective http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/04/narayan-ramachandran-oman-state-of-disaster-preparedness-around-the-world-how-much-do-local-factors-influence-our-plans-asian-perspective/ (13 min)
• Kristi Koenig (Califorina): State of Disaster Preparedness Around the World: How Much Do Local Factors Influence Our Plans? US Perspective http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/04/5821/ (23 min)
• Demetrios Pyrros (Greece): State of Disaster Preparedness Around the World: How Much Do Local Factors Influence Our Plans? European Perspective http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/04/demetrios-pyrros-greece-state-of-disaster-preparedness-around-the-world-how-much-do-local-factors-influence-our-plans-european-perspective/ (18 min)
• Tudor Adrian Codreanu (Australia): State of Disaster Preparedness Around the World: How Much Do Local Factors Influence Our Plans? Australian Perspective http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/04/tudor-adrian-codreanu-australia-state-of-disaster-preparedness-around-the-world-how-much-do-local-factors-influence-our-plans-australian-perspective/ (28 min)
• Lee Wallis (South Africa): State of Disaster Preparedness Around the World: How Much Do Local Factors Influence Our Plans? South African Perspective http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/04/lee-wallis-south-africa-state-of-disaster-preparedness-around-the-world-how-much-do-local-factors-influence-our-plans-african-perspective/ (20 min)
• Mark Leong (Singapore): Mass Casualty Decontamination in the Emergency Department http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/mark-leong-singapore-mass-casualty-decontamination-in-the-emergency-department/ (24 min)
• Herman Delooz (Belgium): Disaster Bioethics: Taking Care of the Carers http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/herman-delooz-belgium-disaster-bioethics-taking-care-of-the-carers/ (26 min)
• Ioannis Galatas (Greece): Are Hospitals Prepared to Deal with New Emerging Threats http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/ioannis-galatas-greece-are-hospitals-prepared-to-deal-with-new-emerging-threats/ (34 min)
• Krist Koenig (California): Public Health Policy in Disaster Medicine http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/kristi-koenig-california-public-health-policy-in-disaster-medicine/ (24 min)
• Raed Arafat (Romania): The Concept of Integrated Mobile Command and Control Center in the Management of Mass Casualty Incidents http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/12/raed-arafat-romania-the-concept-of-integrated-mobile-command-and-control-center-in-the-management-of-mass-casualty-incidents/ (22 min)
• Knox Todd (New York): Mass Casualty Pain & Palliative Care http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/04/knox-todd-new-york-mass-casualty-pain-palliative-care/ (21 min)
• Erwin Dhondt (Belgium): 21st Century Weaponry Disaster Medicine Implications http://freeemergencytalks.net/2011/04/erwin-dhondt-belgium-21st-century-weaponry-disaster-medicine-implications/ (23 min)
• Ervigio Corral Torres (Spain): Triage and Organization of Assistance in a Disaster: The 11 March 2004 Madrid Bombings http://freeemergencytalks.net/2010/11/ervigio-corral-torres-spain-triage-and-organization-of-assistance-in-a-disaster-the-11-march-2004-madrid-bombings/ (37 min)

Video

• Prehospital amputation http://aucklandhems.com/2013/08/01/prehospital-amputation/ (3 videos)

Slide Sets

• Airway Management with Rich Levitan sides (talk in Podcasts) http://emcrit.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/levitan-handout.pdf

Written Resources

Guidelines

• 2003 NAEMSP Guidelines for Withholding or Termination of Resuscitation in Prehospital Traumatic Cardiopulmonary Arrest http://www.naemsp.org/MDC%20References%20for%20Website/Guide%20to%20Field%20Termination%20of%20traumatic%20cardiac%20arrest.pdf
• 2003 NAEMS Guidelines for Air Medical Dispatch http://www.naemsp.org/Documents/POSITION%20GuidelinesforAirMedicalDispatch.pdf
• National Association of EMS Physician Position Statements http://www.naemsp.org/Pages/Position-Statements.aspx

Blog Articles

• The Prehospital “Nonstandard Patient Position” Sign http://regionstraumapro.com/post/55779795815
• 45 Seconds – Memoirs of an ER Doctor: Personal Account of the Joplin, MO Tornado http://lifeinthefastlane.com/2011/06/memoirs-of-an-er-doctor/

Not Open Access

Book Chapters

Auerbach: Wilderness Medicine, 6th ed.

• Chapter 36 Wilderness Emergency Medical Services and Response Systems
• Chapter 37 Search and Rescue
• Chapter 38 Technical Rescue, Self-Rescue and Evacuation
• Chapter 40 Helicopter Rescue and Aeromedical Transport
• Chapter 86 Natural Disaster Medicine
• Chapter 88 Global Humanitarian Medicine and Disaster Relief
• Chapter 89 Natural and Human-Made Hazards: Disaster Risk Management Issues

See Also

• GEMC: Global Emergency Medicine Curriculum (Main)

Authors (alphabetical)

J. Joelle Donofrio DO, Tracy Harkensee MD, Karen Keller MD, Kathryn McMenaman DO