Brash syndrome: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
[[File:Brash syndrome.png|thumb|via emcrit.org]] | |||
*Combination of: | *Combination of: | ||
**[[Renal failure]] | **[[Renal failure]] | ||
**AV node blocker: [[beta-blocker]], [[verapamil]] or [[diltiazem]] | **AV node blocker: [[beta-blocker]], [[verapamil]] or [[diltiazem]]- typically adherent with medication but an overdose | ||
**[[Shock]] | **[[Shock]] | ||
**[[Hyperkalemia]] | **[[Hyperkalemia]] | ||
**Bradycardia | **[[Bradycardia]] | ||
*Vicious cycle: in setting of medications, hyperkalemia, renal failure | *Vicious cycle: in setting of medications, hyperkalemia, renal failure | ||
*Renal failure causes hyperkalemia | *Renal failure causes hyperkalemia (+/- accumulation of AV node blockers), hyperkalemia synergizes with AV node blockers to cause bradycardia and hypoperfusion, hypoperfusion worsens renal failure <ref> Hegazi MO, et al. Junctional bradycardia with verapamil in renal failure--care required even with mild hyperkalemia. J Clin PHarm Ther. 2012;37(6):726-8. </ref> | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Asymptomatic or symptomatic [[bradycardia]] | *Asymptomatic or symptomatic [[bradycardia]] | ||
**Typically appear more well than vitals/labs suggest | |||
*Multisystem organ failure ([[shock]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[renal failure]], shock liver) | *Multisystem organ failure ([[shock]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[renal failure]], shock liver) | ||
*[[Altered mental status]] | *[[Altered mental status]] | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Symptomatic bradycardia}} | |||
* | *See [[renal failure]] | ||
*pure hyperkalemia | *pure [[hyperkalemia]] | ||
*pure AV node blocker intoxication | *pure AV node blocker intoxication (e.g. [[calcium channel blocker toxicity]], [[beta-blocker toxicity]]) | ||
==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
* | *May have only mild hyperkalemia, with bradycardia out of proportion to degree of hyperK | ||
*[[EKG]]: may mot have typical findings of hyperkalemia | |||
* | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*Hyperkalemia treatment | *Hyperkalemia treatment (e.g. IV [[insulin]]/[[dextrose]], [[albuterol]], IV calcium, kaliuresis or dialysis) | ||
* | *[[IVF]] resuscitation for hypovolemia | ||
*Catecholamines (e.g. [[epinepherine]]) for persistent bradycardia/shock | |||
*Targeted treatments for beta-blocker or CCB overdose not helpful | |||
*May not respond well to [[atropine]] or transcutaneous pacing | |||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
https://emcrit.org/pulmcrit/brash-syndrome-bradycardia-renal-failure-av-blocker-shock-hyperkalemia/ | |||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Critical Care]] [[Category:FEN]] [[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
Revision as of 18:29, 20 August 2019
Background
- Combination of:
- Renal failure
- AV node blocker: beta-blocker, verapamil or diltiazem- typically adherent with medication but an overdose
- Shock
- Hyperkalemia
- Bradycardia
- Vicious cycle: in setting of medications, hyperkalemia, renal failure
- Renal failure causes hyperkalemia (+/- accumulation of AV node blockers), hyperkalemia synergizes with AV node blockers to cause bradycardia and hypoperfusion, hypoperfusion worsens renal failure [1]
Clinical Features
- Asymptomatic or symptomatic bradycardia
- Typically appear more well than vitals/labs suggest
- Multisystem organ failure (shock, pulmonary edema, renal failure, shock liver)
- Altered mental status
Differential Diagnosis
Symptomatic bradycardia
- Cardiac
- Inferior MI (involving RCA)
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Neurocardiogenic/reflex-mediated
- Increased ICP
- Vasovagal reflex
- Hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome
- Intra-abdominal hemorrhage (i.e. ruptured ectopic)
- Metabolic/endocrine/environmental
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypothermia (Osborn waves on ECG)
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypoglycemia (neonates)
- Toxicologic
- Infectious/Postinfectious
- Other
- See renal failure
- pure hyperkalemia
- pure AV node blocker intoxication (e.g. calcium channel blocker toxicity, beta-blocker toxicity)
Evaluation
- May have only mild hyperkalemia, with bradycardia out of proportion to degree of hyperK
- EKG: may mot have typical findings of hyperkalemia
Management
- Hyperkalemia treatment (e.g. IV insulin/dextrose, albuterol, IV calcium, kaliuresis or dialysis)
- IVF resuscitation for hypovolemia
- Catecholamines (e.g. epinepherine) for persistent bradycardia/shock
- Targeted treatments for beta-blocker or CCB overdose not helpful
- May not respond well to atropine or transcutaneous pacing
Disposition
See Also
External Links
References
https://emcrit.org/pulmcrit/brash-syndrome-bradycardia-renal-failure-av-blocker-shock-hyperkalemia/
- ↑ Hegazi MO, et al. Junctional bradycardia with verapamil in renal failure--care required even with mild hyperkalemia. J Clin PHarm Ther. 2012;37(6):726-8.