Retinal hemorrhage: Difference between revisions
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===Causes=== | ===Causes=== | ||
*Subacute bacterial [[endocarditis]] | *Subacute bacterial [[endocarditis]] | ||
*Hypertensive retinopathy | *[[Hypertension|Hypertensive]] retinopathy | ||
*Diabetic retinopathy | *[[Diabetes|Diabetic]] retinopathy | ||
*Trauma: [[nonaccidental trauma]] ([[shaken baby syndrome]]), [[intracranial hemorrhage]], neonatal birth trauma | *Trauma: [[nonaccidental trauma]] ([[shaken baby syndrome]]), [[intracranial hemorrhage]], neonatal birth trauma | ||
*[[Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)]], [[Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)]] | *[[Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)]], [[Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)]] | ||
*[[Anemia]], [[leukemia]], sickle cell anemia | *[[Anemia]], [[leukemia]], [[sickle cell anemia]] | ||
*Anoxia | *[[Hypoxia|Anoxia]] | ||
*[[Acute mountain sickness]] | *[[Acute mountain sickness]] | ||
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]] | *[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]] | ||
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==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
*Workup dependant on clinical presentation | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*Treat underlying condition if appropriate | |||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
Revision as of 14:05, 14 September 2019
Background
- Due to retinal capillary rupture, can be due to acute or chronic processes
Causes
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Hypertensive retinopathy
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Trauma: nonaccidental trauma (shaken baby syndrome), intracranial hemorrhage, neonatal birth trauma
- Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO), Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
- Anemia, leukemia, sickle cell anemia
- Anoxia
- Acute mountain sickness
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Prolonged intubation during anesthesia
- Connective tissue disease, SLE
- Scurvy, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
- Preeclampsia
- Pentoxifylline
- Ocular decompression following trabeculectomy
Clinical Features
- Roth Spots: retinal hemorrhages with white center, seen on fundoscopy
- May be asymptomatic, or cause visual loss
Differential Diagnosis
Acute Vision Loss (Noninflamed)
- Painful
- Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
- Optic neuritis
- Temporal arteritis†
- Painless
- Amaurosis fugax
- Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)†
- Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)†
- High altitude retinopathy
- Open-angle glaucoma
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
- Retinal detachment†
- Stroke†
- Vitreous hemorrhage
- Traumatic optic neuropathy (although may have pain from the trauma)
†Emergent Diagnosis
Evaluation
- Workup dependant on clinical presentation
Management
- Treat underlying condition if appropriate