Hypoparathyroidism: Difference between revisions
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*Hypoparathyroid thus results in [[hypocalcemia]] with [[hyperphosphatemia]] | *Hypoparathyroid thus results in [[hypocalcemia]] with [[hyperphosphatemia]] | ||
==Causes== | ===Causes=== | ||
*Iatrogenic: | *Iatrogenic: | ||
**Anterior neck surgery or radiation (e.g. resection of multiple parathyroid adenomas, thyroidectomy); may be transient | **Anterior neck surgery or radiation (e.g. resection of multiple parathyroid adenomas, thyroidectomy); may be transient | ||
**steroids, diuretics, antiepilptics | **steroids, diuretics, antiepilptics | ||
*Congenital (e.g. [[DiGeorge syndrome]] | *Congenital (e.g. [[DiGeorge syndrome]]) | ||
*Malignancy | *Malignancy | ||
*Autoimmune | *Autoimmune | ||
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**Anterior neck surgery or radiation (e.g. resection of multiple parathyroid adenomas, thyroidectomy); may be transient | **Anterior neck surgery or radiation (e.g. resection of multiple parathyroid adenomas, thyroidectomy); may be transient | ||
**steroids, diuretics, antiepilptics | **steroids, diuretics, antiepilptics | ||
*Congenital (e.g. [[DiGeorge syndrome]] | *Congenital (e.g. [[DiGeorge syndrome]]) | ||
*Malignancy | *Malignancy | ||
*Autoimmune | *Autoimmune | ||
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==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
* | *CMP | ||
**Low serum calcium | **Low serum calcium | ||
**Normal alk phos | **Normal alk phos | ||
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*Phosphate levels (high) | *Phosphate levels (high) | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*Treat underlying condition | *Treat underlying condition | ||
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''Avoid empiric treatment in patients taking digoxin due to risk for [[Stone Heart]]'' | ''Avoid empiric treatment in patients taking digoxin due to risk for [[Stone Heart]]'' | ||
*Asymptomatic | *Asymptomatic | ||
**Calcium gluconate 1 gm PO Q6hrs | **[[Calcium gluconate]] 1 gm PO Q6hrs | ||
**Vitamin D (calcitriol) 0.2 mcg BID | **Vitamin D (calcitriol) 0.2 mcg BID | ||
*Symptomatic | *Symptomatic | ||
**Calcium gluconate/chloride 10mL of 10% soln IV over 10min | **[[Calcium gluconate]]/[[calcium chloride|chloride]] 10mL of 10% soln IV over 10min | ||
*Correct [[hypomag]] at same time (otherwise PTH is inhibited) | *Correct [[hypomag]] at same time (otherwise PTH is inhibited) | ||
*Avoid phenothiazine [[antipsychotics]] (may precipitate extrapyramidal symptoms) | *Avoid phenothiazine [[antipsychotics]] (may precipitate extrapyramidal symptoms) | ||
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==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
*Admit if symptomatic hypocalcemia | *Admit if symptomatic [[hypocalcemia]] | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:21, 28 September 2019
Background
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases osteolysis, renal tubular resorption of calcium, and renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol AND inhibits renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and bicarbonate, leading to net INCREASE in serum calcium
- Hypoparathyroid thus results in hypocalcemia with hyperphosphatemia
Causes
- Iatrogenic:
- Anterior neck surgery or radiation (e.g. resection of multiple parathyroid adenomas, thyroidectomy); may be transient
- steroids, diuretics, antiepilptics
- Congenital (e.g. DiGeorge syndrome)
- Malignancy
- Autoimmune
- Damage from Heavy metals (e.g. copper in Wilson's disease)
- Functional hypoPTH from hypomagnesemia
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism (renal resistance to PTH)
- Kidney disease
- Malabsorption
- Iatrogenic:
- Anterior neck surgery or radiation (e.g. resection of multiple parathyroid adenomas, thyroidectomy); may be transient
- steroids, diuretics, antiepilptics
- Congenital (e.g. DiGeorge syndrome)
- Malignancy
- Autoimmune
- Damage from Heavy metals (e.g. copper in Wilson's disease)
- Functional hypoPTH from hypomagnesemia
Evaluation
- CMP
- Low serum calcium
- Normal alk phos
- PTH (low or inappropriately normal in setting of hypocalcemia)
- EKG
- Magnesium levels
- Phosphate levels (high)
Management
- Treat underlying condition
Hypocalcemia
Avoid empiric treatment in patients taking digoxin due to risk for Stone Heart
- Asymptomatic
- Calcium gluconate 1 gm PO Q6hrs
- Vitamin D (calcitriol) 0.2 mcg BID
- Symptomatic
- Calcium gluconate/chloride 10mL of 10% soln IV over 10min
- Correct hypomag at same time (otherwise PTH is inhibited)
- Avoid phenothiazine antipsychotics (may precipitate extrapyramidal symptoms)
- Avoid furosemide (may worsen hypocalcemia)
Disposition
- Admit if symptomatic hypocalcemia