Prednisone

General

• Type: Corticosteroids, systemic
• Dosage Forms:1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 5/5ml
• Common Trade Names: Sterapred, Sterapred DS, Rayos

Adult Dosing

For all doses of prednisone, it is best given with food. Also, ideally best when given in AM to coincide with natural cortisol release. No need to taper if short course less than 1 week, otherwise consider taper.

• Corticosteroid-responsive conditions

5-60mg PO qd Dose varies based on condition

• Asthma, acute

40-80 mg/day PO divided qd-bid (most practitioners give 60mg po x 1 to 80-100kg adult) If patient can tolerate PO, no need to give steroids IV, but if asthma is severe, and bipap / intubation likely, best to keep patient NPO and give methylprednisolone IV

• Adrenal Insufficiency

4-5mg/ m^2 PO qd Taper dose gradually to d/c when appropriate

• Multiple Sclerosis, acute exacerbation

200mg PO qd x1 week, then 80mg po qod x1 mo Give with food, also prescribe PPI for gastric protection. Taper dose gradually to d/c

• Alcoholic Hepatitis, acute

40mg PO qd

• PCP, Adjunct tx

40mg PO bid x5 days, then 40mg PO qd x5 days, then 20mg PO qd x11 days Start w/in 72hrs of antimicrobial tx Always consider discussion with HIV consultants prior to given steroids, as they will be managing patient in hospital

Pediatric Dosing

For all doses of prednisone, it is best tolerated with food. Ideally best when given in AM to coincide with natural cortisol release. No need to taper if short course less than 1 week, otherwise consider taper.

• Corticosteroid-responsive conditions

0.05-2mg/kg/day PO divided qd-qid Dose varies based on condition

• Asthma, acute

1-2 mg/day PO divided qd-bid Max 60mg/day If patient can tolerate PO, no need to give steroids IV, but if asthma is severe, and Bipap / intubation likely, best to keep patient NPO and give methylprednisolone IV

• Adrenal Insufficiency

4-5mg/ m^2 PO qd Taper dose gradually to d/c when appropriate

• Nephrotic Syndrome

2mg / kg PO qd Max 80 mg / day. Use for 1st 3 episodes

• PCP, adjunct tx

(children <40kg) 1mg/kg PO bid x5days, then 0.5mg/kg PO bid x5days, then 0.5mg PO qd x 11 days. Start w/in 72 hrs of antimicrobial tx

(Children >40kg) 40mg PO bid x5 days, then 20mg PO bid x5 days, then 20mg PO qd x 11 days. Start w/in 72 hrs of antimicrobial tx

(Adolescents) 40mg PO bid x5 days, then 40mg PO qd x5 days, then 20mg PO qd x 11 days. Start w/in 72 hrs of antimicrobial tx

Special Populations

• Pregnancy Rating: Category D
• Lactation: Probably safe "Limited information in animals and/or humans demonstrates no risk/minimal risk of adverse effects to infant/breast milk production; caution advised" -Epocrates
• Renal Dosing
  • Adult - No adjustment
  • Pediatric - No adjustment
• Hepatic Dosing
  • Adult - Not defined
  • Pediatric - Not defined

Contraindications

• Allergy to class/drug
• Systemic fungal infx
• Recent varicella or measles infx
• Caution in TB, immunosuppressed, HTN, CHF, DM, PUD, seizure disorder, psychiatric disorder, osteoporosis,

Pharmacology

• Half-life: 18-36h (biological)
• Metabolism: Liver CYP450; 3A4 substrate. Prodrug is converted to prenisolone
• Excretion: Urine
• Mechanism of Action: Exact mechanism unknown, inhibits inflammatory cytokines, produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid effects