Mannitol: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: | *Type: sugar alcohol, derived from mannose, stereo-isomer of sorbitol | ||
*Dosage Forms: Reconstituted powder and solution | *Dosage Forms: Reconstituted powder and solution<ref>[http://www.medicinenet.com/mannitol-injectable/article.htm</ref> | ||
**5% and 10% in 1000 ml containers | |||
**15% in 500 ml containers | |||
**20% in 250 ml and 500 ml containers | |||
**25% in 50 ml flip-top vials | |||
*Common Trade Names: Mannitol, Osmitrol | *Common Trade Names: Mannitol, Osmitrol | ||
==Adult | ==Dosing== | ||
===[[Elevated intracranial pressure]]=== | ===Adult=== | ||
====[[Elevated intracranial pressure]]==== | |||
*0.25-2 G/kg given every 6 to 8 hours<ref>http://www.medicinenet.com/mannitol-injectable/article.htm</ref> | *0.25-2 G/kg given every 6 to 8 hours<ref>http://www.medicinenet.com/mannitol-injectable/article.htm</ref> | ||
**Should be given as a one time bolus (may be inferior to Hypertonic Saline)<ref>http://www.cochrane.org/CD001049/INJ_mannitol-for-acute-traumatic-brain-injury</ref> | **Should be given as a one time bolus (may be inferior to Hypertonic Saline)<ref>http://www.cochrane.org/CD001049/INJ_mannitol-for-acute-traumatic-brain-injury</ref> | ||
===Pediatric Dosing=== | |||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ====Cerebral edema==== | ||
===Cerebral edema=== | |||
*0.25-1 g/kg IV initially; maintenance dose of 0.25-0.5 g/kg IV q4-6hr<ref>http://reference.medscape.com/drug/osmitrol-mannitol-343061</ref> | *0.25-1 g/kg IV initially; maintenance dose of 0.25-0.5 g/kg IV q4-6hr<ref>http://reference.medscape.com/drug/osmitrol-mannitol-343061</ref> | ||
Revision as of 10:23, 22 March 2015
General
- Type: sugar alcohol, derived from mannose, stereo-isomer of sorbitol
- Dosage Forms: Reconstituted powder and solution[1]
- 5% and 10% in 1000 ml containers
- 15% in 500 ml containers
- 20% in 250 ml and 500 ml containers
- 25% in 50 ml flip-top vials
- Common Trade Names: Mannitol, Osmitrol
Dosing
Adult
Elevated intracranial pressure
- 0.25-2 G/kg given every 6 to 8 hours[2]
- Should be given as a one time bolus (may be inferior to Hypertonic Saline)[3]
Pediatric Dosing
Cerebral edema
- 0.25-1 g/kg IV initially; maintenance dose of 0.25-0.5 g/kg IV q4-6hr[4]
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation:
- Renal Dosing
- Adult
- Pediatric
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult
- Pediatric
Indications
- Lowering ICP with signs of impending herniation or severely deteriorating mental status in context of known trauma or intracranial lesion exerting mass effect
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
Common
Pharmacology
- Half-life:
- Metabolism:
- Excretion:
- Mechanism of Action: