Radiation risk from medical imaging: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
*Around 1.5-2.0% of the cancers diagnosed annually in the United States could be related to medial imaging<ref>Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260</ref>
*Specific subsets of patients may be at greater risk from radiation exposure, and radiation risk should be considered carefully in these patients. <ref>Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260</ref>
*The typical lag period between radiation exposure and cancer diagnosis is 1-2 decades or longer, thus radiation exposure reduction is less important in the elderly<ref>Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260</ref>
==Tests and Radiation Amounts==
==Tests and Radiation Amounts==
                                                                                                               
*1 millisievert (mSv) = 0.1 rad (rd) = 1 millirem (mrem)                     
{| border="1"
*1 mSv is the dose received when exposed to 1 milligray (mG)                                                     
{| class="wikitable"  
|-
|-
!Procedure
!Procedure
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|  
|  
|-
|-
|Average US Esposure
|Yearly natural background exposure
|6.2 mSv/year
|3<ref>Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260</ref>
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|Chest x-ray (2-views)
|Chest x-ray (2-views)
|0.1
|0.1
|1 in 197628
|1 in 197,628
|1 in 147929
|1 in 147,929
|-
|-
|Pelvis x-ray
|Pelvis x-ray
|0.6
|0.6
|1 in 32960
|1 in 32,960
|1 in 24655
|1 in 24,655
|-
|-
|Neck x-ray
|Neck x-ray
|0.2
|0.2
|1 in 98912
|1 in 98,912
|1 in 73964
|1 in 73,964
|-
|-
|L-spine x-ray
|L-spine x-ray
|1.5
|1.5
|1 in 13184
|1 in 13,184
|1 in 9863
|1 in 9,863
|-
|-
|Extremity x-ray
|Extremity x-ray
|0.001
|0.001
|1 in 20000000
|1 in 20,000,000
|1 in 14285714
|1 in 14,285,714
|-
|-
|'''Computed Tomography'''
|'''Computed Tomography'''
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|CT head
|CT head
|2
|2
|1 in 9887
|1 in 9,887
|1 in 7397
|1 in 7,397
|-
|-
|CT neck
|CT neck
|6
|6
|1 in 3296
|1 in 3,296
|1 in 2466
|1 in 2,466
|-
|-
|CT L-spine
|CT L-spine
|5.6
|5.6
|1 in 3531
|1 in 3,531
|1 in 2642
|1 in 2,642
|-
|-
|CT Pulmonary Angiography
|CT Pulmonary Angiography
|15
|15
|1 in 1318
|1 in 1,318
|1 in 986
|1 in 986
|-
|-
|CT Abdomen, Pelvis
|CT Abdomen, Pelvis
|14
|14
|1 in 1413
|1 in 1,413
|1 in 1057
|1 in 1,057
|-
|-
|CT Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis
|CT Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis
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|1 in 704
|1 in 704
|}
|}
==== More Information ====
*Data from: http://www.xrayrisk.com/, additional cancer risk based on estimated 50 year-old male/female.
*How information is calculated: http://www.xrayrisk.com/about.php/


==Pregnancy==
==Pregnancy==
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===Exposure Risk===
===Exposure Risk===
*<5,000 mrads = safe
*<5,000 mrads = safe
*~10,000 mrads = small risk childhood CA
*~10,000 mrads = small risk childhood cancer
*~15,000^ mrads = 6% chance mental retardation
*~15,000^ mrads = 6% chance intellectual disability
*<3% chance childhood CA
*<3% chance childhood cancer


^Considered max
^Considered max
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*[[Radiation exposure (disaster)]]
*[[Radiation exposure (disaster)]]
*[[Acute Radiation Syndrome]]
*[[Acute Radiation Syndrome]]
==External Links==
*https://www.xrayrisk.com/index.php
*https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Radiology-Safety/Radiation-Safety/Dose-Reference-Card.pdf
==External Links==
*http://www.xrayrisk.com/


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 22:53, 30 September 2019

Background

  • Around 1.5-2.0% of the cancers diagnosed annually in the United States could be related to medial imaging[1]
  • Specific subsets of patients may be at greater risk from radiation exposure, and radiation risk should be considered carefully in these patients. [2]
  • The typical lag period between radiation exposure and cancer diagnosis is 1-2 decades or longer, thus radiation exposure reduction is less important in the elderly[3]

Tests and Radiation Amounts

  • 1 millisievert (mSv) = 0.1 rad (rd) = 1 millirem (mrem)
  • 1 mSv is the dose received when exposed to 1 milligray (mG)
Procedure Radiation Dose (mSv) Additional Cancer Risk
Male Female
Comparison Doses
Yearly natural background exposure 3[4]
7-hour Airline Flight 0.02
Plain Radiograph
Chest x-ray (2-views) 0.1 1 in 197,628 1 in 147,929
Pelvis x-ray 0.6 1 in 32,960 1 in 24,655
Neck x-ray 0.2 1 in 98,912 1 in 73,964
L-spine x-ray 1.5 1 in 13,184 1 in 9,863
Extremity x-ray 0.001 1 in 20,000,000 1 in 14,285,714
Computed Tomography
CT head 2 1 in 9,887 1 in 7,397
CT neck 6 1 in 3,296 1 in 2,466
CT L-spine 5.6 1 in 3,531 1 in 2,642
CT Pulmonary Angiography 15 1 in 1,318 1 in 986
CT Abdomen, Pelvis 14 1 in 1,413 1 in 1,057
CT Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis 21 1 in 942 1 in 704

Pregnancy

  • Greatest risk of harm during organogenesis (3-8 WGA)
  • IV contrast not teratogenic (class B)
  • PO contrast not absorbed = no risk

Exposure Risk

  • <5,000 mrads = safe
  • ~10,000 mrads = small risk childhood cancer
  • ~15,000^ mrads = 6% chance intellectual disability
  • <3% chance childhood cancer

^Considered max

Always use shield when possible

See Also

External Links

External Links

References

  1. ↑ Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260
  2. ↑ Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260
  3. ↑ Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260
  4. ↑ Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260
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