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| ==Introduction==
| | #REDIRECT[[COVID-19]] |
| * Disease name = COVID-19
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| * Virus = SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV
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| === Virology ===
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| * Coronaviruses are a common human pathogens (discovered in the1960s to cause the common cold).
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| ** During epidemics, they are the cause of up to one-third of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections in adults; may cause diarrhea in infants and children as well)
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| * SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus (a new strain not previously identified in humans)
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| ** Likely primary source = bats
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| ** A betacoronavirus in the same subgenus as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus
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| ** Receptor-binding gene region is very similar to that of the SARS coronavirus (uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2] for cell entry)
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| ** Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus, another betacoronavirus, appears more distantly related
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| * Viral survival time of SARS-CoV-2:
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| ** Stainless steel: persists for 3 hours (or longer)
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| ** Underscores the importance of environmental cleaning / disinfection
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| *** Cleaning gets rid of the proteins that would interfere with a disinfectants effectiveness
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| ** Note: studied in a simulated lab environment. Lab virions not covered in protein and mucus and other things that would mimic real life and that could prolong survival
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| === Basic Epidemiology/Infectivity Data ===
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| * Expected patient outcomes (from data so far):
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| ** 80% have mild symptoms
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| ** 15% have severe disease requiring hospitalisation
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| ** 5% require mechanical ventilation
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| * Case fatality rate (CFR) = 2-4% (from Hubei data)
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| ** SARS ~ 10%
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| ** MERS ~ 35%
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| ** Seasonal flu ~ 0.1-0.2%
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| ** 1918 Pandemic Influenza ~ 2-3%
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| * R0 = 2.2 - 4.2
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| ** Where R0 = expected number of secondary cases produced by a single typical infection in a susceptible population (basic reproductive rate)
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| ** R0 for seasonal flu ~ 1.3
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| ** R0 for pandemic flu ~ 1.5-1.8
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| * Incubation: 5 days (median); range of 2-14 days
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| * Serial interval duration = 7.5 days
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| ** Serial interval refers to the time from illness onset in successive cases in a transmission chain
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| [[File:Ro example.png|thumb|Ro Example]]
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| ==General Prevention Recommendations==
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| * Exercise general infection precautions
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| ** Person-to-person transmission occurs with close contact (6 feet)
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| *** Direct contact with mucous membranes or respiratory droplets
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| *** Indirect: cough —> secretions left on surface —> 2nd person touches surface secretions and touches face & mucous membranes
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| ** Avoid touching your face (try it, it’s not easy)
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| ** Frequent Handwashing
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| *** Alcohol based hand sanitizer
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| *** Diligent hand wasing
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| **** 20 seconds minimum
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| **** Image shows commonly forgotten areas: thumb (ulnar aspect), fingertips, WRIST (Borrowed from WHO Hand Hygiene for Healthcare)
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| ** Wear a mask if you develop respiratory symptoms (fever, cough, rhinorrhea, congestion) to prevent spread
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| * Avoid unnecessary travel
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| * Stay home if symptomatic
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| ** Home care does not mean being out in the parks with other groups of people
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| ** Contact your supervisor: due to expected HCW shortages, minor symptoms may be allowed to continue working with adequate PPE to prevent infection spread
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| [[File:Hand Hygiene.png|frame|center]]
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| ==Differential Diagnosis==
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| ==Evaluation==
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| ==Management==
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| ==Disposition==
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| ==See Also==
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| ==External Links==
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| ==References==
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| <references/>
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| [[Category:Admin]]
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