Nasal intubation: Difference between revisions
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==Indications== | ==Indications== | ||
[[File:F2.png|thumb|Normal anatomy of the nasal sinuses.]] | |||
[[File:F6.png|thumb|Sagittal section through the head and neck showing the subdivisions of the pharynx.]] | |||
*Severe cervical spine disease/instability | *Severe cervical spine disease/instability | ||
*Intra-oral masses or other limiting pathology such as mandibular fixation | *Intra-oral masses or other limiting pathology such as mandibular fixation | ||
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==Awake Technique== | ==Awake Technique== | ||
#Sniffing position (like oral ET) | #Sniffing position (like oral ET) | ||
#Pretreat with [[glycopyrrolate]] 0.04 mcg/kg and [[lidocaine|lido]], [[benzocaine|hurricaine]], or 4cc nebulized [[lidocaine]] for 5 minutes | #Pretreat with [[glycopyrrolate]] 0.2mg or 0.04 mcg/kg and [[lidocaine|lido]], [[benzocaine|hurricaine]], or 4cc nebulized [[lidocaine]] for 5 minutes | ||
#Also consider topical cocaine to the nares, typically 4% solution, for 2-3 minutes or intranasal [[phenylephrine]] | #Also consider topical cocaine to the nares, typically 4% solution, for 2-3 minutes or intranasal [[phenylephrine]] | ||
#Provide sedation with small doses of ketamine (10-20mg aliquots as needed) or midazolam | |||
#Tube size = 1.0 mm smaller | #Tube size = 1.0 mm smaller | ||
#Listen with stethoscope at end of tube (breath sounds become louder as tube approaches cords) | #Listen with stethoscope at end of tube (breath sounds become louder as tube approaches cords) | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[ | {{Related Difficult Airway Pages}} | ||
{{Mechanical ventilation pages}} | |||
==External Links== | |||
*[https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/critical-care-medicine/respiratory-arrest/tracheal-intubation?query=nasotracheal%20intubation Merk Manual - Nasotracheal Intubation] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 21:03, 10 April 2024
Indications
- Severe cervical spine disease/instability
- Intra-oral masses or other limiting pathology such as mandibular fixation
- Trismus
- Severe angioedema
Contraindications
Absolute
- Epiglottitis
- Significant midface fractures
- Basilar skull fractures
Relative
- Large nasal masses
- Nasal foreign body
- Recent nasal instrumentation
- Nasal or upper airway hematoma/infection
- Epistaxis
Awake Technique
- Sniffing position (like oral ET)
- Pretreat with glycopyrrolate 0.2mg or 0.04 mcg/kg and lido, hurricaine, or 4cc nebulized lidocaine for 5 minutes
- Also consider topical cocaine to the nares, typically 4% solution, for 2-3 minutes or intranasal phenylephrine
- Provide sedation with small doses of ketamine (10-20mg aliquots as needed) or midazolam
- Tube size = 1.0 mm smaller
- Listen with stethoscope at end of tube (breath sounds become louder as tube approaches cords)
- When tube hits cords patient will cough, back up 1 or 2 cm. wait for beginning of inspiration, as patient begins inspiration advance 3-4 cm (tube should be 22-26cm in women, 23-28cm in men)
- Tips:
- Occlude other nostril to hear better
- Cricoid pressure when advancing
- Use a small suction catheter as a seldinger guide
- Precurve tube before insertion.
Sedated Technique
- Prepare Afrin in 10 cc syringe, nasal trumpet, nasal tube (or smaller ETT) without stylet, DL blade, McGills/long curved Kellys
- Afrin in both nostrils
- Nasal trumpet into right nostril to dilate nasal airway (R nostril = less bleeding, faster[1]
- Insert tube in a postero-inferior direction (may feel some crunching along ethmoid, so be careful along that surface)
- DL to visualize tube insertion past vocal cords
- McGills or Kellys to grasp tube tip and facilitate passing tube
See Also
Airway Pages
- Pre-intubation
- Induction
- Intubation
- Surgical airways
- Post-intubation
Mechanical Ventilation Pages
- Noninvasive ventilation
- Intubation
- Mechanical ventilation (main)
- Miscellaneous
External Links
References
- ↑ Boku et al. Which nostril should be used for nasotracheal intubation: the right or left? A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Anesth. 2014 Aug;26(5):390-4.