Radiation risk from medical imaging: Difference between revisions

(Created page with "==Tests and Radiation Amounts== FLAT FILMS (mrad) Low-dose Head <1 C-spine <1 Thracic spine <1 CXR <1 Extrem <1 High-dose L-spine <1250 Pelvis <350 Hip <450 IVP <...")
 
 
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==Background==
*Around 1.5-2.0% of the cancers diagnosed annually in the United States could be related to medial imaging<ref>Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260</ref>
*Specific subsets of patients may be at greater risk from radiation exposure, and radiation risk should be considered carefully in these patients. <ref>Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260</ref>
*The typical lag period between radiation exposure and cancer diagnosis is 1-2 decades or longer, thus radiation exposure reduction is less important in the elderly<ref>Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260</ref>
==Tests and Radiation Amounts==
==Tests and Radiation Amounts==
 
*1 millisievert (mSv) = 0.1 rad (rd) = 1 millirem (mrem)                     
 
*1 mSv is the dose received when exposed to 1 milligray (mG)                                                     
FLAT FILMS (mrad)
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
Low-dose
!Procedure
 
!Radiation Dose (mSv)
Head <1
!Additional Cancer Risk
 
!
C-spine <1
|-
 
!
Thracic spine <1
!
 
!Male
CXR <1
!Female
 
|-
Extrem <1
|'''Comparison Doses'''
 
|
|
 
|
High-dose
|-
 
|Yearly natural background exposure
L-spine <1250
|3<ref>Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260</ref>
 
|
Pelvis <350
|
 
|-
Hip <450
|7-hour Airline Flight
 
|0.02
IVP <900
|
 
|
Urethrocyst <1500
|-
 
|'''Plain Radiograph'''
KUB <500
|
 
|
|
 
|-
CT (1cm slices)
|Chest x-ray (2-views)
 
|0.1
Head <50
|1 in 197,628
 
|1 in 147,929
Chest <1000
|-
 
|Pelvis x-ray
Upper abd <3000
|0.6
 
|1 in 32,960
Lower abd <9000
|1 in 24,655
 
|-
|Neck x-ray
 
|0.2
ANGIO
|1 in 98,912
 
|1 in 73,964
Cerebral <100
|-
 
|L-spine x-ray
Cardiac cath <500
|1.5
 
|1 in 13,184
Aortography <100
|1 in 9,863
 
|-
|Extremity x-ray
 
|0.001
V/Q scan <215
|1 in 20,000,000
 
|1 in 14,285,714
(class C injectable technetium, xenon even safer)
|-
 
|'''Computed Tomography'''
|
|
|
|-
|CT head
|2
|1 in 9,887
|1 in 7,397
|-
|CT neck
|6
|1 in 3,296
|1 in 2,466
|-
|CT L-spine
|5.6
|1 in 3,531
|1 in 2,642
|-
|CT Pulmonary Angiography
|15
|1 in 1,318
|1 in 986
|-
|CT Abdomen, Pelvis
|14
|1 in 1,413
|1 in 1,057
|-
|CT Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis
|21
|1 in 942
|1 in 704
|}


==Pregnancy==
==Pregnancy==
*Greatest risk of harm during organogenesis (3-8 WGA)
*IV contrast not teratogenic (class B)
*PO contrast not absorbed = no risk


===Exposure Risk===
*<5,000 mrads = safe
*~10,000 mrads = small risk childhood cancer
*~15,000^ mrads = 6% chance intellectual disability
*<3% chance childhood cancer


Greatest risk during organogenesis (8-12wk)
^Considered max
 
IV contrast not teratogenic (class B)
 
PO contrast not absorbed
 
   
   
Always use shield when possible


EXPOSURE RISK (mrads)
==See Also==
 
*[[Radiation exposure (disaster)]]
<5,000 = safe
*[[Acute Radiation Syndrome]]
 
~10,000 = small risk childhood CA
 
~15,000* = 6% chance mental retard
 
<3% chance childhood CA
 
*Considered max
 
 
Always use sheild when possible
 
 
==Source==
 
 
3/29/06 DONALDSON (adapted from Rosen)


==External Links==
*https://www.xrayrisk.com/index.php
*https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Radiology-Safety/Radiation-Safety/Dose-Reference-Card.pdf


==External Links==
*http://www.xrayrisk.com/


==References==
<References/>


[[Category:Rads]]
[[Category:Radiology]]

Latest revision as of 22:53, 30 September 2019

Background

  • Around 1.5-2.0% of the cancers diagnosed annually in the United States could be related to medial imaging[1]
  • Specific subsets of patients may be at greater risk from radiation exposure, and radiation risk should be considered carefully in these patients. [2]
  • The typical lag period between radiation exposure and cancer diagnosis is 1-2 decades or longer, thus radiation exposure reduction is less important in the elderly[3]

Tests and Radiation Amounts

  • 1 millisievert (mSv) = 0.1 rad (rd) = 1 millirem (mrem)
  • 1 mSv is the dose received when exposed to 1 milligray (mG)
Procedure Radiation Dose (mSv) Additional Cancer Risk
Male Female
Comparison Doses
Yearly natural background exposure 3[4]
7-hour Airline Flight 0.02
Plain Radiograph
Chest x-ray (2-views) 0.1 1 in 197,628 1 in 147,929
Pelvis x-ray 0.6 1 in 32,960 1 in 24,655
Neck x-ray 0.2 1 in 98,912 1 in 73,964
L-spine x-ray 1.5 1 in 13,184 1 in 9,863
Extremity x-ray 0.001 1 in 20,000,000 1 in 14,285,714
Computed Tomography
CT head 2 1 in 9,887 1 in 7,397
CT neck 6 1 in 3,296 1 in 2,466
CT L-spine 5.6 1 in 3,531 1 in 2,642
CT Pulmonary Angiography 15 1 in 1,318 1 in 986
CT Abdomen, Pelvis 14 1 in 1,413 1 in 1,057
CT Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis 21 1 in 942 1 in 704

Pregnancy

  • Greatest risk of harm during organogenesis (3-8 WGA)
  • IV contrast not teratogenic (class B)
  • PO contrast not absorbed = no risk

Exposure Risk

  • <5,000 mrads = safe
  • ~10,000 mrads = small risk childhood cancer
  • ~15,000^ mrads = 6% chance intellectual disability
  • <3% chance childhood cancer

^Considered max

Always use shield when possible

See Also

External Links

External Links

References

  1. ↑ Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260
  2. ↑ Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260
  3. ↑ Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260
  4. ↑ Lin EC. Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Dec; 85(12): 1142–1146. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0260
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