Heat cramps: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Occurs to those who sweat profusely and replace fluid losses with water | *Occurs to those who sweat profusely and replace fluid losses with water | ||
**May occur during exercise, but more common during rest several hours later | **May occur during exercise, but more common during rest several hours later | ||
*Typically does not involve enough muscle mass to cause rhabdomyolysis | *Typically does not involve enough muscle mass to cause rhabdomyolysis<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339-1344</ref> | ||
==Clinical Features== | |||
*Painful, involuntary, spasmodic contractions of skeletal muscles<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339-1344</ref> | |||
**Usually affects calves, may involve thighs and shoulders | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Template:Heat Emergencies}} | {{Template:Heat Emergencies}} | ||
== | ==Evaluation== | ||
*Clinical diagnosis | |||
==Management== | |||
*Self-limited | *Self-limited | ||
*Pain is difficult to treat | *Provide muscle stretching and massage | ||
**Often does not respond to | *[[analgesia|Pain]] is difficult to treat | ||
*Mild symptoms: sports drinks | **Often does not respond to [[opioids]] alone | ||
*Severe symptoms: IV normal saline | *Hydration | ||
**Mild symptoms: sports drinks | |||
**Severe symptoms: IV [[normal saline]] | |||
==Disposition== | |||
*Usually outpatient | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Heat Emergencies]] | *[[Heat Emergencies]] | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Environmental]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:47, 5 May 2022
Background
- Occurs to those who sweat profusely and replace fluid losses with water
- May occur during exercise, but more common during rest several hours later
- Typically does not involve enough muscle mass to cause rhabdomyolysis[1]
Clinical Features
- Painful, involuntary, spasmodic contractions of skeletal muscles[2]
- Usually affects calves, may involve thighs and shoulders
Differential Diagnosis
Environmental heat diagnoses
Evaluation
- Clinical diagnosis
Management
- Self-limited
- Provide muscle stretching and massage
- Pain is difficult to treat
- Often does not respond to opioids alone
- Hydration
- Mild symptoms: sports drinks
- Severe symptoms: IV normal saline
Disposition
- Usually outpatient