Hallucinations: Difference between revisions
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*[[Encephalitis]] | *[[Encephalitis]] | ||
===Psychiatric Causes=== | ===Psychiatric Causes <ref>Visual Hallucinations: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment. PMID: PMC2660156</ref>=== | ||
*Schizophrenia | *Schizophrenia | ||
*Schizo-affective Disorder | |||
*[[Dementia]] | *[[Dementia]] | ||
*Delirium | |||
*[[Migraine]] | |||
*Seizure | |||
*Parkinson's Disease | *Parkinson's Disease | ||
*Charles Bonnet Syndrome (in the visually impaired) | |||
==Workup== | ==Workup== | ||
Revision as of 17:53, 28 March 2014
Background
- The perception of auditory, visual, tactile, or gustatory sensations that are not present
- Etiology may be from underlying psychiatric disorder or organic cause.
In non-auditory hallucinations, assume organic pathology until proven otherwise.
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Organic Causes
- Alcohol Withdrawal - hallucinosis without altered sensorium, predominately auditory & usually begins 24-48 hours after last drink
- Anticholinergic Toxicity
- GHB Intoxication
- Mushroom Poisoning
- Bath Salts
- Tricyclic (TCA) Toxicity
- Methanol Toxicity
- Salvia Intoxication
- Ertapenem Toxicity
- Encephalitis
Psychiatric Causes [1]
- Schizophrenia
- Schizo-affective Disorder
- Dementia
- Delirium
- Migraine
- Seizure
- Parkinson's Disease
- Charles Bonnet Syndrome (in the visually impaired)
Workup
Workup should be targeted toward specific diagnosis. Cranial imaging is only useful if localized neurological findings or headache red flags
- If concerned for suicidal or unknown toxic ingestion:
- Aspirin
- Tylenol level
- ECG
Management
- Treat the underlying pathology.
- In the case of Alcohol Withdrawl Hallucinosis, no standard therapy has been established,[2] although tx with neuroleptics (e.g. Haldol) has shown some benefit. [3] Also continue to treat the alcohol withdrawal.