Template:Caustics background: Difference between revisions
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===[[Caustics]]=== | |||
*Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces | |||
*Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact | *Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact | ||
*Acidic agents cause coagulative necrosis | *Acidic agents cause coagulative necrosis | ||
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*Corrosive agents have reducing, oxidising, denaturing or defatting potential | *Corrosive agents have reducing, oxidising, denaturing or defatting potential | ||
===Alkalis=== | ====Alkalis==== | ||
*Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction | *Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction | ||
**Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues | **Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues | ||
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**Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonia (NH3) | **Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonia (NH3) | ||
**Found in: bleach, drain openers, oven cleaners, toilet cleaner, hair relaxers | **Found in: bleach, drain openers, oven cleaners, toilet cleaner, hair relaxers | ||
===Acids=== | |||
====Acids==== | |||
*Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement | *Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement | ||
**However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common | **However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common | ||
Revision as of 14:13, 8 November 2015
Caustics
- Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces
- Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact
- Acidic agents cause coagulative necrosis
- Alkaline agents cause liquefactive necrosis (considered more damaging to most tissues)
- Corrosive agents have reducing, oxidising, denaturing or defatting potential
Alkalis
- Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction
- Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues
- Examples
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonia (NH3)
- Found in: bleach, drain openers, oven cleaners, toilet cleaner, hair relaxers
Acids
- Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement
- However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common
- Mortality rate is higher compared to strong alkali ingestions
- However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common
- Can be systemically absorbed and → metabolic acidosis, hemolysis, AKI
- Examples
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Found in: auto batteries, drain openers, metal cleaners, swimming pool products, rust remover