Avascular necrosis of hip: Difference between revisions

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===Etiologies===
===Etiologies===
*Traumatic causes
*Traumatic causes
**Femoral neck fracture
**Femoral neck fracture/Dislocation
**Dislocation


*Non-traumatic causes
*Non-traumatic causes
**Use of corticosteriods
**Use of Corticosteriods, Alcohol, Tobacco
**Alcohol use
**Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
**Tobacco use
**Chronic Kidney Disease
**Caisson disease aka Dysbarism
**Systemic lupus erythematosus
**Chronic Renal Disease
**Pancreatitis
**Pancreatitis
**Radiation therapy
**Radiation therapy
**HIV
**HIV
**Caisson Disease aka Dysbarism
**Idiopathic
**Idiopathic



Revision as of 17:08, 31 July 2016

Background

Etiologies

  • Traumatic causes
    • Femoral neck fracture/Dislocation
  • Non-traumatic causes
    • Use of Corticosteriods, Alcohol, Tobacco
    • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    • Chronic Kidney Disease
    • Pancreatitis
    • Radiation therapy
    • HIV
    • Caisson Disease aka Dysbarism
    • Idiopathic

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Evaluation

  • Plain XR is poorly sensitive in early stages, as low as 41%
  • Radiographic changes may be delayed by years
  • MRI ~90% sensitivity and specificity

Disposition

  • Initial supportive care until later stages of disease
  • Orthopedic consultation for repeat imaging and risk stratification for surgical treatment

References

  • JONES PHD, L. C. AND MONT MD, M. A. Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis of bone) In-text: (Jones PhD and Mont MD) Your Bibliography: Jones PhD, Lynne C and Michael A Mont MD. "Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis Of Bone)". UpToDate. N.p., 2016. Web. 31 July 2016.
  • Kelly JD et al. Femoral head avascular necrosis treatment & management. Aug 16, 2015. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/86568-treatment#showall.
  • Stoica Z et al. Imaging of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: Familiar Methods and Newer Trends. Curr Health Sci J. 2009 Jan-Mar; 35(1): 23–28.