Dicyclomine: Difference between revisions
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: antispasmodic, antimuscarinic | *Type: antispasmodic, [[anticholinergics]] (antimuscarinic) | ||
*Indication: | *Indication: FDA approved for irritable bowel syndrome. Used off-label for cramping associated with opioid withdrawal | ||
*Dosage Forms: PO, IM | *Dosage Forms: PO, IM | ||
**DO NOT GIVE IV | **DO NOT GIVE IV | ||
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==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
*10-20 mg PO or IM q6 prn | *10-20 mg PO or IM q6 prn | ||
==Pediatric Dosing== | |||
''Safety/efficacy not established'' | |||
==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
*Allergy to class/drug | *Allergy to class/drug | ||
*Age <6 mo | |||
*Breastfeeding | |||
*GI obstruction | |||
*Obstructive uropathy | |||
*Reflux esophagitis | |||
*Severe ulcerative colitis | |||
*Myasthenia gravis | |||
*Glaucoma | |||
*Unstable hemodynamics | |||
==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*[[Anticholinergic toxicity]] | *See [[Anticholinergic toxicity]] | ||
*Syncope, poor muscle tone | |||
*Dyspnea, apnea, respiratory arrest | |||
*Anaphylaxis, angioedema | |||
*Seizure, coma | |||
*Impaired sweating/thermoregulation | |||
*Paralytic ileus, intestinal perforation, pseudo-obstruction, toxic megacolon | |||
*Psychosis | |||
===Common=== | |||
*Nausea, xerostomia | |||
*Asthenia, dizziness, somnolence, nervousness | |||
*Blurred vision | |||
==Special Populations== | |||
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: B | |||
*Lactation: Infant risk has been demonstrated | |||
*Renal Dosing: not defined | |||
*Hepatic Dosing: not defined | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
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*Excretion: Urine ~80%, ~10% feces | *Excretion: Urine ~80%, ~10% feces | ||
*Mechanism of Action: antimuscarinic, direct smooth muscle antagonism of bradykinin and histamine-induced muscular spasms, which [[atropine]] does not | *Mechanism of Action: antimuscarinic, direct smooth muscle antagonism of bradykinin and histamine-induced muscular spasms, which [[atropine]] does not | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
*McAuley DF. GlobarlRPh Inc. ANTISPASMOTICS - Bowel spasm / cramping / IBS / Hypermotility. Last updated 12/04/2016. http://www.globalrph.com/antispasmotic.htm#Dicyclomine_. | *McAuley DF. GlobarlRPh Inc. ANTISPASMOTICS - Bowel spasm / cramping / IBS / Hypermotility. Last updated 12/04/2016. http://www.globalrph.com/antispasmotic.htm#Dicyclomine_. | ||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | [[Category:Pharmacology]] | ||
Revision as of 17:22, 24 December 2016
General
- Type: antispasmodic, anticholinergics (antimuscarinic)
- Indication: FDA approved for irritable bowel syndrome. Used off-label for cramping associated with opioid withdrawal
- Dosage Forms: PO, IM
- DO NOT GIVE IV
- Common Trade Names: Bentyl®
Adult Dosing
- 10-20 mg PO or IM q6 prn
Pediatric Dosing
Safety/efficacy not established
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Age <6 mo
- Breastfeeding
- GI obstruction
- Obstructive uropathy
- Reflux esophagitis
- Severe ulcerative colitis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Glaucoma
- Unstable hemodynamics
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- See Anticholinergic toxicity
- Syncope, poor muscle tone
- Dyspnea, apnea, respiratory arrest
- Anaphylaxis, angioedema
- Seizure, coma
- Impaired sweating/thermoregulation
- Paralytic ileus, intestinal perforation, pseudo-obstruction, toxic megacolon
- Psychosis
Common
- Nausea, xerostomia
- Asthenia, dizziness, somnolence, nervousness
- Blurred vision
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: B
- Lactation: Infant risk has been demonstrated
- Renal Dosing: not defined
- Hepatic Dosing: not defined
Pharmacology
- Half-life: ~2 hours
- Excretion: Urine ~80%, ~10% feces
- Mechanism of Action: antimuscarinic, direct smooth muscle antagonism of bradykinin and histamine-induced muscular spasms, which atropine does not
Sources
- McAuley DF. GlobarlRPh Inc. ANTISPASMOTICS - Bowel spasm / cramping / IBS / Hypermotility. Last updated 12/04/2016. http://www.globalrph.com/antispasmotic.htm#Dicyclomine_.