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===[[Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)]]<ref>Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM, et al. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(3):161-167. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa020233.</ref>===
===[[Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)]]<ref>Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM, et al. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(3):161-167. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa020233.</ref>===
*Cardiac neurohormone released from ventricles in response to increased volume/pressure
*Biologically active metabolite of proBNP (released from ventricles in response to increased volume/pressure)
*Biologically active metabolite of proBNP
*Utility is controversial and may not affect patient centered outcomes<ref>Carpenter CR et al. BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN THE EVALUATION OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT DYSPNEA: IS THERE A ROLE? J Emerg Med. 2012 Feb; 42(2): 197–205.</ref>
*<100 pg/mL [[CHF]] ruled out (Sn 90%, NPV 89%)
*May be trended to gauge treatment response in acute decompensated CHF
*100-500: Consider differential diagnosis and pre-test probability
*May have false negative with isolated diastolic dysfunction
*> 500 Positive ([[CHF]] Sp 87%, PPV 90%)
*Measurement
**'''<100 pg/mL''': Negative for acute CHF (Sn 90%, NPV 89%)
**'''100-500 pg/mL''': Indeterminate (Consider differential diagnosis and pre-test probability)
**'''>500 pg/mL''': Positive for acute CHF (Sp 87%, PPV 90%)


===NT-proBNP<ref>Januzzi JL, van Kimmenade R, Lainchbury J, et al. NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study. Eur Heart J. 2006 Feb. 27(3):330-7.</ref><ref>Kragelund C, Gronning B, Kober L, Hildebrandt P, Steffensen R. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and long-term mortality in stable coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 17. 352(7):666-75.</ref><ref>Moe GW, Howlett J, Januzzi JL, Zowall H,. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide testing improves the management of patients with suspected acute heart failure: primary results of the Canadian prospective randomized multicenter IMPROVE-CHF study. Circulation. 2007 Jun 19. 115(24):3103-10.</ref>===
===NT-proBNP<ref>Januzzi JL, van Kimmenade R, Lainchbury J, et al. NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study. Eur Heart J. 2006 Feb. 27(3):330-7.</ref><ref>Kragelund C, Gronning B, Kober L, Hildebrandt P, Steffensen R. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and long-term mortality in stable coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 17. 352(7):666-75.</ref><ref>Moe GW, Howlett J, Januzzi JL, Zowall H,. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide testing improves the management of patients with suspected acute heart failure: primary results of the Canadian prospective randomized multicenter IMPROVE-CHF study. Circulation. 2007 Jun 19. 115(24):3103-10.</ref>===
*N-terminal proBNP
*N-terminal proBNP (biologically inert metabolite of proBNP)
*Biologically inert metabolite of proBNP
*<300 pg/mL → [[CHF]] unlikely
*< 300 ng/mL, [[CHF]] unlikely
*[[CHF]] likely in:
*[[CHF]] likely in:
**> 450 pg/mL in age < 50 years old
**'''>450 pg/mL''' in age < 50 years old
**> 900 in 50-75 years old
**'''>900 pg/mL''' in 50-75 years old
**> 1800 in > 75 years old
**'''>1800 pg/mL''' in > 75 years old


====Differential Diagnosis (Elevated BNP)====
====Differential Diagnosis (Elevated BNP)====
* [[CHF]]/[[ACS]]/[[Cardiogenic shock]]
*[[CHF]]/[[ACS]]/[[Cardiogenic shock]]
* [[PE]]
*[[PE]]
* [[Pulmonary Hypertension]]
*[[Pulmonary Hypertension]]
* [[Renal Failure]]
*[[Renal Failure]]
* [[LVH]]
*[[LVH]]
* [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]


===BNP In Obese Patients===
===BNP In Obese Patients===
====Pathophysiology<ref>Clerico A, Giannoni A, Vittorini S, Emdin M. The paradox of low BNP levels in obesity. Heart Fail Rev. 2011;17(1):81-96. doi:10.1007/s10741-011-9249-z.</ref>====
*Visceral fat expansion leads to increased clearance of active natriuretic peptides<ref>Clerico A, Giannoni A, Vittorini S, Emdin M. The paradox of low BNP levels in obesity. Heart Fail Rev. 2011;17(1):81-96. doi:10.1007/s10741-011-9249-z.</ref>
*Visceral fat expansion leads to increased clearance of active natriuretic peptides
*Obese patients also frequently treated for hypertension or coronary artery disease which may also contribute to lower BNP levels
*Obese patients frequently co-treated for hypertension or coronary artery disease which may also contribute to lower NP levels
====Interpretation====
====Interpretation====
*In one study of 204 patients with acute CHF, an inverse relationship between BMI and BNP was noted. The standard cutoff of 100pg/mL resulted in a 20% false-negative rate<ref>Krauser DG, Lloyd-Jones DM, Chae CU, et al. Effect of body mass index on natriuretic peptide levels in patients with acute congestive heart failure: A ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) substudy. Am Heart J. 2005;149(4):744-750. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.07.010.</ref>
*In one study of 204 patients with acute CHF, an inverse relationship between BMI and BNP was noted. The standard cutoff of 100pg/mL resulted in a 20% false-negative rate<ref>Krauser DG, Lloyd-Jones DM, Chae CU, et al. Effect of body mass index on natriuretic peptide levels in patients with acute congestive heart failure: A ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) substudy. Am Heart J. 2005;149(4):744-750. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.07.010.</ref>
*Analysis of a subgroup of patients with documented BMI from the Breathing Not Properly study showed that a lower cutoff was more appropriate to maintain 90% sensitivity in obese and morbidly obese patients (54pg/mL)<ref>Daniels LB, Clopton P, Bhalla V, et al. How obesity affects the cut-points for B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of acute heart failure. Results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study. Am Heart J. 2006;151(5):999-1005. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.011.</ref>
*Analysis of a subgroup of patients with documented BMI from the Breathing Not Properly study showed that a lower cutoff was more appropriate to maintain 90% sensitivity in obese and morbidly obese patients (54pg/mL)<ref>Daniels LB, Clopton P, Bhalla V, et al. How obesity affects the cut-points for B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of acute heart failure. Results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study. Am Heart J. 2006;151(5):999-1005. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.011.</ref>
''May have false negatives with diastolic dysfunction''
====Utility====
*Obtaining BNP value may not add anything to patient centered outcomes<ref>Carpenter CR et al. BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN THE EVALUATION OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT DYSPNEA: IS THERE A ROLE? J Emerg Med. 2012 Feb; 42(2): 197–205.</ref>
*May be used to gauge treatment response in acute decompensated CHF

Revision as of 03:55, 4 February 2017

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)[1]

  • Biologically active metabolite of proBNP (released from ventricles in response to increased volume/pressure)
  • Utility is controversial and may not affect patient centered outcomes[2]
  • May be trended to gauge treatment response in acute decompensated CHF
  • May have false negative with isolated diastolic dysfunction
  • Measurement
    • <100 pg/mL: Negative for acute CHF (Sn 90%, NPV 89%)
    • 100-500 pg/mL: Indeterminate (Consider differential diagnosis and pre-test probability)
    • >500 pg/mL: Positive for acute CHF (Sp 87%, PPV 90%)

NT-proBNP[3][4][5]

  • N-terminal proBNP (biologically inert metabolite of proBNP)
  • <300 pg/mL → CHF unlikely
  • CHF likely in:
    • >450 pg/mL in age < 50 years old
    • >900 pg/mL in 50-75 years old
    • >1800 pg/mL in > 75 years old

Differential Diagnosis (Elevated BNP)

BNP In Obese Patients

  • Visceral fat expansion leads to increased clearance of active natriuretic peptides[6]
  • Obese patients also frequently treated for hypertension or coronary artery disease which may also contribute to lower BNP levels

Interpretation

  • In one study of 204 patients with acute CHF, an inverse relationship between BMI and BNP was noted. The standard cutoff of 100pg/mL resulted in a 20% false-negative rate[7]
  • Analysis of a subgroup of patients with documented BMI from the Breathing Not Properly study showed that a lower cutoff was more appropriate to maintain 90% sensitivity in obese and morbidly obese patients (54pg/mL)[8]
  1. ↑ Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM, et al. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(3):161-167. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa020233.
  2. ↑ Carpenter CR et al. BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN THE EVALUATION OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT DYSPNEA: IS THERE A ROLE? J Emerg Med. 2012 Feb; 42(2): 197–205.
  3. ↑ Januzzi JL, van Kimmenade R, Lainchbury J, et al. NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study. Eur Heart J. 2006 Feb. 27(3):330-7.
  4. ↑ Kragelund C, Gronning B, Kober L, Hildebrandt P, Steffensen R. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and long-term mortality in stable coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 17. 352(7):666-75.
  5. ↑ Moe GW, Howlett J, Januzzi JL, Zowall H,. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide testing improves the management of patients with suspected acute heart failure: primary results of the Canadian prospective randomized multicenter IMPROVE-CHF study. Circulation. 2007 Jun 19. 115(24):3103-10.
  6. ↑ Clerico A, Giannoni A, Vittorini S, Emdin M. The paradox of low BNP levels in obesity. Heart Fail Rev. 2011;17(1):81-96. doi:10.1007/s10741-011-9249-z.
  7. ↑ Krauser DG, Lloyd-Jones DM, Chae CU, et al. Effect of body mass index on natriuretic peptide levels in patients with acute congestive heart failure: A ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) substudy. Am Heart J. 2005;149(4):744-750. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.07.010.
  8. ↑ Daniels LB, Clopton P, Bhalla V, et al. How obesity affects the cut-points for B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of acute heart failure. Results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study. Am Heart J. 2006;151(5):999-1005. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.011.
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