Septic arthritis (peds): Difference between revisions

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| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | ''or'' 
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Ceftriaxone, 50 milligrams/kg every 12 h
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | [[Ceftriaxone]], 50 milligrams/kg every 12 h
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Gram-negative bacilli
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Gram-negative bacilli
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Cefotaxime, 50 milligrams/kg every 8 h
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Cefotaxime, 50 milligrams/kg every 8 h
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'' 
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| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Cefotaxime, 50 milligrams/kg every 8 h
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Cefotaxime, 50 milligrams/kg every 8 h
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|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | ''Haemophilus influenzae'' 
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | ''Haemophilus influenzae'' 
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone (dosing as above)
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Cefotaxime or [[ceftriaxone]] (dosing as above)
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Unknown
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| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | ''Streptococcus'' species 
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| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Gram-negative bacilli
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Gram-negative bacilli
| valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" | Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
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== Disposition ==
== Disposition ==

Revision as of 05:38, 27 February 2014

Background

  • Most often in pts <3yo
  • MSSA and MRSA are most common causes in all age groups
  • Pts w/ SCD, RA and IBD at increased risk

Diagnosis

  • Neonates
    • Do not appear ill
    • Only 50% have fever
  • Older infants, toddlers, children
    • Fever (>101.3), localizing signs
  • Labs
    • CRP >20
    • WBC >12K

Work-Up

  • Labs
    • CBC, Blood cx, ESR, CRP, Throat cx
  • Arthrocentesis
    • Cell count, GS, glucose, cx

DDx

  1. Trauma
  2. Septic arthritis
  3. Acute Rheumatic Fever
  4. Reactive Arthritis (Poststreptococcal)
  5. Gonococcal arthritis
  6. Lyme disease
  7. Sickle cell crisis
  8. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
  9. Legg Calve Perthes Disease
  10. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
  11. Osteomyelitis
  12. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  13. Transient (Toxic) Synovitis (Hip)
  14. Hemophilia
  15. Osgood Schlatter Disease

Treatment

  1. Joint drainage
  2. IV Abx
Age Suspected Organism Antibiotics
Newborn (0–2 mo) Staphylococcus aureus  Vancomycin, 10 milligrams/kg every 6–8 h
or 
Clindamycin, 10 milligrams/kg every 6–8 h
Group B Streptococcus  Ampicillin, 50–100 milligrams/kg every 6 h
and 
Cefotaxime, 50 milligrams/kg every 6–8 h
or 
Ceftriaxone, 50 milligrams/kg every 12 h
Gram-negative bacilli Cefotaxime, 50 milligrams/kg every 8 h
Neisseria gonorrhoeae  Cefotaxime, 50 milligrams/kg every 8 h
Unknown Vancomycin or clindamycin and cefotaxime or ceftriaxone (dosing as above)
Infant (2–36 mo) S. aureus  Vancomycin or clindamycin (dosing as above)
Streptococcus species  Clindamycin/cefotaxime/ceftriaxone (dosing as above)
Gram-negative bacilli Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone (dosing as above)
Haemophilus influenzae  Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone (dosing as above)
Unknown Vancomycin or clindamycin and cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
Child (>36 mo) S. aureus  Vancomycin or clindamycin
Streptococcus species  Clindamycin/cefotaxime/ceftriaxone
Gram-negative bacilli Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
N. gonorrhoeae  Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
Unknown Vancomycin or clindamycin and cefotaxime or ceftriaxone

Disposition

Admit

See Also

Septic Arthritis (General)

Arthrocentesis

Source

Tintinalli