Hallucinations: Difference between revisions
No edit summary Tag: mobile edit |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
===Organic Causes=== | ===Organic Causes=== | ||
#[[Alcohol Withdrawal]] - hallucinosis without altered sensorium, predominately auditory & usually begins 24-48 hours after last drink | |||
#[[Anticholinergic Toxicity]] | |||
#[[GHB|GHB Intoxication]] | |||
#Hallucinogen Intoxication | |||
##Psilocybin/[[Mushroom Poisoning]] | |||
##LSD | |||
##Mescaline | |||
##Ecstacy (MDMA) | |||
##PCP | |||
##[[Bath Salts]] | |||
##[[Salvia|Salvia Intoxication]] | |||
##Marijuana | |||
#[[Methanol Toxicity]] | |||
#[[Tricyclic (TCA) Toxicity]] | |||
#[[Ertapenem]] Toxicity | |||
#[[Encephalitis]] | |||
#[[Hypocalcemia]]/[[Hypercalcemia]] | |||
===Psychiatric Causes <ref>Visual Hallucinations: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment. PMID: PMC2660156</ref>=== | ===Psychiatric Causes <ref>Visual Hallucinations: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment. PMID: PMC2660156</ref>=== | ||
Revision as of 05:11, 17 April 2014
Background
- The perception of auditory, visual, tactile, or gustatory sensations without an actual stimulus
- Etiology may be from underlying psychiatric disorder or organic cause.
In non-auditory hallucinations, assume organic pathology until proven otherwise.
Differential Diagnosis
Organic Causes
- Alcohol Withdrawal - hallucinosis without altered sensorium, predominately auditory & usually begins 24-48 hours after last drink
- Anticholinergic Toxicity
- GHB Intoxication
- Hallucinogen Intoxication
- Psilocybin/Mushroom Poisoning
- LSD
- Mescaline
- Ecstacy (MDMA)
- PCP
- Bath Salts
- Salvia Intoxication
- Marijuana
- Methanol Toxicity
- Tricyclic (TCA) Toxicity
- Ertapenem Toxicity
- Encephalitis
- Hypocalcemia/Hypercalcemia
Psychiatric Causes [1]
- Schizophrenia
- Schizo-affective Disorder
- Dementia
- Delirium
- Migraine
- Seizure
- Parkinson's Disease
- Charles Bonnet Syndrome (in the visually impaired)
Workup
Workup should be targeted toward specific diagnosis. Cranial imaging is only useful if localized neurological findings or headache red flags
- If concerned for suicidal or unknown toxic ingestion:
- Aspirin
- Tylenol level
- ECG
Management
- Treat the underlying pathology.
- In the case of Alcohol Withdrawl Hallucinosis, no standard therapy has been established,[2] although tx with neuroleptics (e.g. Haldol) has shown some benefit. [3] Also continue to treat the alcohol withdrawal.