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| ==Mechanism==
| | #REDIRECT[[Marine toxins and envenomations]] |
| *Punctures skin to introduce venom
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| *Generally local symptoms without systemic effects
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| ==Symptoms==
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| *Vary with species
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| *Generally local pain
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| *Systemic symptoms can include vomiting, hypotension, muscle cramps, paralysis, cardiac arrest
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| ==Treatment==
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| *supportive
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| *If visible remove spines and stinger
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| *'''Immediately immerse wound in hot water (45°C for 30-90min)'''
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| **Hot water breaks down venom
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| **An alternative theory is that HWI causes modulation of pain receptors in the nervous system leading to a reduction in pain
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| *Clean area
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| *Tetanus prophylaxis
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| *Antivenom exists for stonefish toxicity
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| [[Category: Environ]][[Category:Tox]] | |
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| ==Sources==
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| *Atkinson PRT. Is hot water immersion an effective treatment for marine envenomation? Emergency Medicine Journal. 2006;23(7):503–508. doi:10.1136/emj.2005.028456.
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