Transient tachypnea of the newborn: Difference between revisions
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Respiratory distress in first few hrs of life | *Respiratory distress in first few hrs of life | ||
**Tachypnea > 40-60 breaths/min | **Tachypnea > 40-60 breaths/min, grunting, flaring, retractions | ||
**May have "quiet" tachypnea, not appearing in distress | |||
**Increased O2 requirement - > 60% or mechanical ventilation need consideration of other differentials | **Increased O2 requirement - > 60% or mechanical ventilation need consideration of other differentials | ||
**Normal | **Normal CBC | ||
**Normal to mildly abnl ABGs (acceptable ranges/expected progression below): | |||
***Mild respiratory acidosis | |||
***Mild-mod hypoxemia and mild hypercapnea possible | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 42: | Line 46: | ||
| Preterm 1.5 kg || 60 || 38 || 7.37 || - | | Preterm 1.5 kg || 60 || 38 || 7.37 || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
==Workup== | |||
*ABG, with consideration of intraarterial line in umbilical artery if FiO2 > 40% | |||
*Continuous pulse oximetry | |||
*CXR - perihilar streaking (lymph system engorgement), fluid in fissures, increase lung volumes with flat diaphragms | |||
==Treatment== | |||
*Supplemental O2, maintain SpO2 > 90% | |||
*If > 40% FiO2 or increasing work of breathing, consider: | |||
**Nasal CPAP | |||
**Surfactant replacement | |||
*IV fluids, gavage feedings until RR decreases enough for oral feedings | |||
==Sources== | |||
*Guglani L, Lakshminrusimha S, Ryan R. Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn. Pediatrics in Review. 2008 e59-e65. | |||
*Transient tachypnea of the newborn - eMedicine | |||
*Transient tachypnea of the newborn - UpToDate | |||
Revision as of 02:20, 24 November 2014
See Newborn Resuscitation for immediate after-delivery resuscitation
Background
- Respiratory distress affects 1% of neonates:
- RDS (hyaline membrane disease) ~50%
- TTN ~50%
- Self-limiting disease that resolves with days as retained lung fluid at birth is removed by lymphatics and breathing
- 1/3 of fluid cleared days before birth, 1/3 during active labor, 1/3 during crying/breathing
- Risk factors
- C-section and rapidly born infants (lack of active labor)
- Infants of diabetic mothers
- SGA, preterm infants
DDx
- Congenital pna
- Congenital heart disease
- Meconium aspiration
- Neonatal sepsis
- PTX
- Pulmonary HTN
- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Clinical Features
- Respiratory distress in first few hrs of life
- Tachypnea > 40-60 breaths/min, grunting, flaring, retractions
- May have "quiet" tachypnea, not appearing in distress
- Increased O2 requirement - > 60% or mechanical ventilation need consideration of other differentials
- Normal CBC
- Normal to mildly abnl ABGs (acceptable ranges/expected progression below):
- Mild respiratory acidosis
- Mild-mod hypoxemia and mild hypercapnea possible
Workup
- ABG, with consideration of intraarterial line in umbilical artery if FiO2 > 40%
- Continuous pulse oximetry
- CXR - perihilar streaking (lymph system engorgement), fluid in fissures, increase lung volumes with flat diaphragms
Treatment
- Supplemental O2, maintain SpO2 > 90%
- If > 40% FiO2 or increasing work of breathing, consider:
- Nasal CPAP
- Surfactant replacement
- IV fluids, gavage feedings until RR decreases enough for oral feedings
Sources
- Guglani L, Lakshminrusimha S, Ryan R. Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn. Pediatrics in Review. 2008 e59-e65.
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn - eMedicine
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn - UpToDate
| Subject | PO2 mmHg | PCO2 mmHg | pH | Bicarb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 28 wks | 50-65 | 40-50 | >7.28 | 18-24 |
| 38-49 wks | 50-70 | 40-50 | >7.3 | 20-24 |
| Term (10 min) | 50 | 48 | 7.2 | - |
| Term (1 hr) | 70 | 35 | 7.35 | - |
| Term (1 wk) | 75 | 35 | 7.4 | - |
| Preterm 1.5 kg | 60 | 38 | 7.37 | - |