Extension cervical teardrop fracture

Background

• Is an unstable spine injury

Vertebral fractures and dislocations types

Vertebral anatomy.

Numbering order of vertebrae.

• Cervical fractures and dislocations
  • Atlanto-occipital dissociation
  • C1
    • Jefferson fracture
    • C1 isolated anterior arch fracture
    • C1 isolated posterior arch fracture
  • C2
    • Odontoid fracture
    • Hangman's fracture
  • C3-C7
    • Cervical burst fracture
    • Cervical spinous process fracture
    • Extension cervical teardrop fracture
    • Flexion cervical teardrop fracture
    • Anterior cervical wedge fracture
  • Cervical facet dislocation
  • Isolated transverse process fracture
• Thoracic and lumbar fractures and dislocations
  • Chance fracture
  • Thoracic burst fracture
  • Lumbar burst fracture
  • Isolated transverse process fracture
  • Thoracic and lumbar compression fractures

Clinical Features

• Abrupt neck extension > anterior longitudinal ligament avulses anteroinferior corner
  • Avulsed fragment is greater in height than width (contrast with flexion cervical teardrop fracture)
• Often occurs at C5-C7 associated with diving accidents
  • Associated with central cord syndrome

Differential Diagnosis

Neck Trauma

• Penetrating neck trauma
• Blunt neck trauma
  • Vertebral and carotid artery dissection
  • Strangulation
  • Whiplash injury
• Cervical injury
  • Cervical fractures and dislocations
  • Cervical injury (peds)
  • Cervical spine clearance
• Neurogenic shock
• Spinal cord injury

Management

Prehospital Immobilization

See NAEMSP National Guidelines for Spinal Immobilization

Hospital

• C-collar
• Consult ortho or spine as needed

Disposition

• Admit

See Also

• Cervical spine injuries