Pilocarpine: Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 21:55, 20 March 2026
Administration
- Type: Cholinergic agonist, Miotic
- Dosage Forms: Ophthalmic solution (1%, 2%, 4%); Tablets (5mg, 7.5mg)
- Routes of Administration: Ophthalmic, PO
- Common Trade Names: Isopto Carpine, Salagen
Adult Dosing
General
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma: 1-2% solution, 1-2 drops q15min x 3-4 doses
Indications by Condition
Pediatric Dosing
General
- Same as adult ophthalmic dosing
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation risk: Not defined
Renal Dosing
- No adjustment for ophthalmic use
Hepatic Dosing
- Reduce oral dose in hepatic impairment
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Acute iritis
- Pupillary block glaucoma
Adverse Drug Reactions
Serious
- Retinal detachment (rare)
- Bronchospasm (systemic absorption)
Common
- Miosis
- Brow ache
- Blurred vision
- Increased lacrimation
Pharmacology
- Onset of action: 10-30 minutes (ophthalmic)
- Duration: 4-8 hours
- Metabolism: At neuromuscular junction and plasma
- Excretion: Renal
Mechanism of Action
- Direct-acting parasympathomimetic that stimulates muscarinic receptors
- Contracts iris sphincter muscle (miosis) and ciliary muscle, opening trabecular meshwork