Transient tachypnea of the newborn: Difference between revisions
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Respiratory distress in first few | *Respiratory distress in first few hours of life | ||
*Tachypnea > 40-60 breaths/min, grunting, flaring, retractions | *Tachypnea > 40-60 breaths/min, grunting, flaring, retractions | ||
*May have "quiet" tachypnea, not appearing in distress | *May have "quiet" tachypnea, not appearing in distress | ||
*Increased O2 requirement - > 60% or mechanical ventilation need consideration of other differentials | *Increased O2 requirement - > 60% or mechanical ventilation need consideration of other differentials | ||
*Normal CBC | *Normal CBC | ||
*Normal to mildly | *Normal to mildly abnormal ABGs (acceptable ranges/expected progression below at bottom): | ||
**Mild respiratory acidosis | **Mild respiratory acidosis | ||
**Mild-mod hypoxemia and mild hypercapnea possible | **Mild-mod hypoxemia and mild hypercapnea possible | ||
Revision as of 01:42, 13 July 2016
See Newborn Resuscitation for immediate after-delivery resuscitation
Background
- Respiratory distress affects 1% of neonates:
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) ~50%
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn ~50%
- Self-limiting disease that resolves with days as retained lung fluid at birth is removed by lymphatics and breathing
- 1/3 of fluid cleared days before birth, 1/3 during active labor, 1/3 during crying/breathing
- Risk factors
- C-section and rapidly born infants (lack of active labor)
- Infants of diabetic mothers
- small for gestational age, preterm infants
Differential Diagnosis
- Congenital pneumonia
- Congenital heart disease
- Meconium aspiration
- Neonatal sepsis
- Pneumothorax
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Clinical Features
- Respiratory distress in first few hours of life
- Tachypnea > 40-60 breaths/min, grunting, flaring, retractions
- May have "quiet" tachypnea, not appearing in distress
- Increased O2 requirement - > 60% or mechanical ventilation need consideration of other differentials
- Normal CBC
- Normal to mildly abnormal ABGs (acceptable ranges/expected progression below at bottom):
- Mild respiratory acidosis
- Mild-mod hypoxemia and mild hypercapnea possible
Workup
- ABG, with consideration of intraarterial line in umbilical artery if FiO2 > 40%
- Continuous pulse oximetry
- CXR - perihilar streaking (lymph system engorgement), fluid in fissures, increase lung volumes with flat diaphragms
Management
- Supplemental O2, maintain SpO2 > 90%
- If > 40% FiO2 or increasing work of breathing, consider:
- Nasal CPAP
- Surfactant replacement
- IV fluids, gavage feedings until RR decreases enough for oral feedings
References
- Guglani L, Lakshminrusimha S, Ryan R. Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn. Pediatrics in Review. 2008 e59-e65.
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn - eMedicine
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn - UpToDate
| Subject | PO2 mmHg | PCO2 mmHg | pH | Bicarb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 28 wks | 50-65 | 40-50 | >7.28 | 18-24 |
| 38-49 wks | 50-70 | 40-50 | >7.3 | 20-24 |
| Term (10 min) | 50 | 48 | 7.2 | - |
| Term (1 hr) | 70 | 35 | 7.35 | - |
| Term (1 wk) | 75 | 35 | 7.4 | - |
| Preterm 1.5 kg | 60 | 38 | 7.37 | - |