Mannitol

General

• Type: Sugar Alcohol, derived from mannose, stereo-isomer of sorbitol
• Dosage Forms: Reconstituted powder and solution, 5% and 10% in 1000 ml containers; 15% in 500 ml containers, 20% in 250 ml and 500 ml containers; and 25% in 50 ml flip-top vials. IV
• Common Trade Names: Mannitol, Osmitrol

Adult Dosing

0.25-2 G/kg given every 6 to 8 hours

Main ED indication is for lowering ICP with signs of impending herniation or severely deteriorating mental status in context of known trauma or intracranial lesion exerting mass effect.

Recent cochrane review showed that Mannitol should be given as more likely a one time bolus, and may be inferior to Hypertonic Saline

Pediatric Dosing

For Cerebral Edema: 0.25-1 g/kg IV initially; maintenance dose of 0.25-0.5 g/kg IV q4-6hr

Special Populations

• Pregnancy Rating: C
• Lactation:
• Renal Dosing
  • Adult
  • Pediatric
• Hepatic Dosing
  • Adult
  • Pediatric

Contraindications

• Allergy to class/drug

Pharmacology

• Half-life:
• Metabolism:
• Excretion:
• Mechanism of Action: