Psilocybin toxicity

Psilocybin

A compound found in over 200 mushrooms that has mind altering properties similar to LSD. Commonly known as "magic mushrooms" or "shrooms". The mushroom are often taken recreationally for the euphoric and hallucinogenic effects. Typically grown in the Pacific Northwest and southern regions of the United States. For a typical dose (1mg) symptoms will last 1-3 hours.

Signs/Symptoms

Euphoria
Visual hallucinations
Lethargy
Depression
Synesthesia

Physical Effects

Pupil Dilation
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Hypotension
Nausea

Adverse Effects

Anxiety
Confusion
Disorientation
Agitation
Accidents

Toxicity

Low
280mg/kg
Therapeutic index of 641

Intoxication Treatment

Supportive Care
Pt's placed in a calm, quiet environment
Monitor Vitals
If worsening vitals or agitation treat with Benzodiazepines
Can be discharged if symptoms abate and vitals normalize

Refrences

Nichols DE. Hallucinogens. Pharmacol Ther 2004; 101:131.
UpToDate
van Amsterdam J, Opperhuizen A, van den Brink W (2011). "Harm potential of magic mushroom use: a review" (PDF). Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 59 (3): 423–9. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.006. PMID 21256914.
Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7942
"Comparison of acute lethal toxicity of commonly abused psychoactive substances" (PDF). Addiction. 99 (6): 686–96. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00744.x. PMID 15139867.
Passie T, Seifert J, Schneider U, Emrich HM (2002). "The pharmacology of psilocybin". Addiction Biology. 7 (4): 357–64. doi:10.1080/1355621021000005937. PMID 14578010.

"Comparison of acute lethal toxicity of commonly abused psychoactive substances" (PDF). Addiction. 99 (6): 686–96. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00744.x. PMID 15139867.

Halpern JH1. "Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States." Pharmacol Ther. 2004 May;102(2):131-8.

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