Transient tachypnea of the newborn
See Newborn Resuscitation for immediate after-delivery resuscitation
Background
- Respiratory distress affects 1% of neonates:
- RDS (hyaline membrane disease) ~50%
- TTN ~50%
- Self-limiting disease that resolves with days as retained lung fluid at birth is removed by lymphatics and breathing
- 1/3 of fluid cleared days before birth, 1/3 during active labor, 1/3 during crying/breathing
- Risk factors
- C-section and rapidly born infants (lack of active labor)
- Infants of diabetic mothers
- SGA, preterm infants
DDx
- Congenital pna
- Congenital heart disease
- Meconium aspiration
- Neonatal sepsis
- PTX
- Pulmonary HTN
- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Clinical Features
- Respiratory distress in first few hrs of life
- Tachypnea > 40-60 breaths/min
- Increased O2 requirement - > 60% or mechanical ventilation need consideration of other differentials
- Normal repeat ABGs (acceptable ranges/expected progression below):
| Subject | PO2 mmHg | PCO2 mmHg | pH | Bicarb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 28 wks | 50-65 | 40-50 | >7.28 | 18-24 |
| 38-49 wks | 50-70 | 40-50 | >7.3 | 20-24 |
| Term (10 min) | 50 | 48 | 7.2 | - |
| Term (1 hr) | 70 | 35 | 7.35 | - |
| Term (1 wk) | 75 | 35 | 7.4 | - |
| Preterm 1.5 kg | 60 | 38 | 7.37 | - |