Spinal cord levels
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Motor Exam
- C3-C5: Diaphragm
- C5: Shoulder Abduction
- C5-C6: Elbow Flexion
- C6-C7: Wrist Extension
- C7-C8: Elbow Extension
- C8: Finger Flexion
- T1-T6: Intercostal Muscles
- L3-L4: Thigh Adduction
- L2-L4: Knee Extension
- L4-L5: Ankle Dorsiflexion
- L5-S1: Great Toe Extension
- S1-S2: Ankle Plantarflexion
- S2-S4: Anal Sphincter Contraction
Sensory Exam
- C2 Occiput
- C3 Thyroid Cartilage
- C4 Suprasternal Notch
- C5 Below Clavicle
- C6 Thumb
- C7 Index Finger
- C8 Little Finger
- T4 Nipple Line
- T10 Umbilicus
- L1 Femoral Pulse
- L2-L3 Medial Aspect of Thigh
- L4 Knee
- L5 Lateral Aspect of Calf
- S1 Lateral Aspect of Foot
- S2-S4 Perineal Region
Spinal Reflex Exam
- C6 Biceps
- C7 Triceps
- L4 Patellar
- S1 Achilles
Deficits
| Level | motor sensory deficit |
| C3 | lower neck |
| C4 | diaphragm/clavicular |
| C5 | deltoid,biceps/lat upperarm |
| C6 | extensor carpi rad/thumb,lat forearm |
| C7 | triceps,wrist flexors,finger extensors/ middle finger |
| C8 | finger flexors/ little finger |
| T1 | hand intriniscs/ medial forearm |
| T4 | intercostals/nipples |
| T10 | abdominals/ umbilicus |
| T12 | /suprapubic area, inguinal ligament |
| L1 | illiopsoas /upper thigh |
| L2 | " |
| L3 | quadriceps/lower anterior thigh |
| L4 | " /medial calf |
| L5 | extensor hallicus longus/dorsal foot |
| S1 | gastrosoleus, flexor hallicus longus/little toe |
| S2 | anal sphincterbladder/perineum |
| S3 | " / " |
| S4 | " / " |
Reflexes
| Level |
Reflex |
| C5 |
biceps |
| C6 |
brachioradialis |
| C7 | triceps |
| L3 | quadriceps |
| S1 | achilles tendon |
| S2,3,4 | bulbocavernosus, anal wink |
Source
- Netter's Atlas
- Rosen's 2013, Chapter 43- Spinal Injuries- Tables 43-3,43-4