OB/GYN antibiotics

Bacterial Vaginosis

First Line Therapy

• Metronidazole 500 mg PO Twice Daily for 7 days OR
• Metronidazole gel 0.75%, one full applicator (5 g) intravaginally, Daily for 5 days OR
• Clindamycin cream 2%, one full applicator (5 g) intravaginally Nightly for 7 days

Metronidazole does not cause a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol.

Alternative Regimin

• Clindamycin 300 mg PO BID for 7 days OR
• Clindamycin ovules 100 mg intravaginally qHS for 3 days (do not use if patient has used latex condom in last 72 hours)

Other regimens have been studied and have varying efficacy compared to placebo but due to cost and availability do not represent alternatives outside of absolute contraindications to preferred regimens.

Pregnant

• Metronidazole 500mg PO Twice a day x 7 days
• Metronidazole 250mg PO Three times a day has also been studied
• Although metronidazole crosses the placenta, no evidence of teratogenicity or mutagenic effects among infants has been reported in multiple cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies of pregnant women

Prophylaxis (Sexual Assault)

• Metronidazole 500mg PO Twice a day x 7 days

Cervicitis

Presumed GC/chlamydia of cervix, urethra, or rectum (uncomplicated)

Typically, treatment for both gonorrhea and chlamydia is indicated, if one entity is suspected.

Standard

• Gonorrhea
  • Ceftriaxone IM x 1
    • 500 mg, if weight <150 kg
    • 1 g, if weight ≥150 kg
• Chlamydia
  • Nonpregnant: doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 7 days
  • Pregnant: azithromycin 1 g PO x 1

Ceftriaxone contraindicated

• Gonorrhea
  • Gentamicin 240 mg IM x 1 PLUS azithromycin 2 g PO x 1, OR
  • Cefixime 800 mg PO x 1
• Chlamydia^
  • Nonpregnant: doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 7 days
  • Pregnant: azithromycin 1 g PO x 1

^Additional chlamydia coverage only needed if treated with cefixime only

Partner Treatment

• Gonorrhea
  • Cefixime 800mg PO x 1
• Chlamydia
  • Nonpregnant: doxycycline 100mg PO BID x 7 days, OR
  • Pregnant: azithromycin 1g PO x 1

Associated Bacterial Vaginosis or Trichomonas vaginalis

Non-Pregnant

• Metronidazole 500mg PO BID for 7 days
• Tinidazole 2g PO once

Pregnant

Only treat if the patient is symptomatic

• Metronidazole 500mg PO BID for 7 days

Sexual Partner Treatment

• Female: Same as above
• Male: Metronidazole 2 gm PO x1

Endometritis

<48hrs Post Partum

Treatment is targeted against polymicrobial infections, most often 2-3 organisms of normal vaginal flora

• (Prefered first line) Clindamycin 900mg q8hrs PLUS Gentamicin 5mg/kg IV q24hours (same efficacy and more cost effective vs. 1.5mg/kg) or 1.5mg/kg IV q8hrs OR
• Doxycycline 100mg IV PO q12hrs daily PLUS
  • Ampicillin/Sulbactam 3g IV q6hrs
  • Cefoxitin 2g IV q6hrs daily

>48hrs Post Partum

• Doxycycline 100mg IV or PO q12hrs + Metronidazole 500mg IV or PO q8hrs daily
  • Use Metronidazole with caution in breastfeeding mothers its active is present in breast milk at concentrations similar to maternal plasma concentrations

Mastitis

• No need to routinely interrupt breastfeeding with puerperal mastitis.
• For mild symptoms <24 hours, supportive care may be sufficient
  • Effective milk removal (frequent breast feeding - use pumping to augment milk removal)
  • Analgesia (NSAIDs)

Treatment directed at S. aureus and Strep and E. coli

• Uncomplicated mastitis → 10 days of antibiotics (regardless of MRSA suspicion)
• Dicloxacillin 500mg PO q6hrs, considered first line if breastfeeding given safety for infant OR
• Cephalexin 500mg PO q6hrs OR
  • Add TMP/SMX 2DS tabs PO q12hrs if suspect MRSA
• Clindamycin 450mg PO q8hrs (also provides MRSA coverage) OR
• Amoxicillin/Clavulanate 875mg PO q12hrs OR
• Azithromycin 500mg PO x1 on day 1, then 250mg PO daily for days 2-5

PID

Antibiotics

• No sexual activity for 2 weeks;
• Treat all partners who had sex with patient during previous 60 days prior to symptom onset

Outpatient Antibiotic Options

• Ceftriaxone 500mg IM (1g if >150kg) x1 + doxycycline 100mg PO BID x14d + metronidazole 500mg PO BID x14d
  • Metronidazole
    • Recommended for empiric treatment of PID by the CDC
    • Recommended empirically by European guidelines
• Cefoxitin 2 g IM in a single dose and Probenecid, 1 g PO administered concurrently in a single dose + Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 14 days + metronidazole

Inpatient Antibiotic Options

• Recommended: Ceftriaxone 1gm IV q24hr OR Cefoxitin 2gm IV q6hr OR cefotetan 2gm IV q12hr) + doxycycline PO or IV 100 mg q12hr + Metronidazole 500mg IV or PO Q12hr OR
• Clindamycin 900mg IV q8h + gentamicin 2mg/kg loading -> 1.5 mg/kg q8hr IV OR
• Ampicillin-sulbactam 3gm IV q6hr + doxycycline 100mg IV/PO q12hr

See Also

Antibiotics by diagnosis

• Bone and joint antibiotics
• Cardiovascular antibiotics
• ENT antibiotics
• Eye antibiotics
• GI antibiotics
• GU antibiotics
• Neuro antibiotics
• OB/GYN antibiotics
• Pulmonary antibiotics
• Skin and soft tissue antibiotics
• Bioterrorism antibiotics
• Environmental exposure antibiotics
• Immunocompromised antibiotics
• Post exposure prophylaxis antibiotics
• Pediatric antibiotics
• Sepsis antibiotics
• Arthropod and parasitic antibiotics

For antibiotics by organism see Microbiology (Main)

External links

• Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine