Sandbox

Grade	Description	Image	CT
I	Contusion: Microscopic or gross hematuria. Urological studies normal. Hematoma: Subcapsular, non-expanding without parenchymal laceration.
II	Hematoma: Non-expanding peri-renal hematoma confined to renal retroperitoneum. Laceration: <1.0 cm parenchymal depth of renal cortex without urinary extravasation.
III	Laceration: >1.0 cm parenchymal depth of renal cortex without collecting system rupture or urinary extravasation.
IV	Laceration: Parenchymal laceration extending through renal cortex, medulla, and collecting system. Vascular: Main renal artery or vein injury with contained hemorrhage.
V	Laceration: Completely shattered kidney. Vascular: Avulsion of renal hilum that devascularises kidney.

Grade	Type	Description
I	Contusion	Microscopic or gross hematuria. Urological studies normal.
I	Hematoma	Subcapsular, non-expanding without parenchymal laceration.
II	Hematoma	Non-expanding peri-renal hematoma confined to renal retroperitoneum.
II	Laceration	<1.0 cm parenchymal depth of renal cortex without urinary extravasation.
III	Laceration	>1.0 cm parenchymal depth of renal cortex without collecting system rupture or urinary extravasation.
IV	Laceration	Parenchymal laceration extending through renal cortex, medulla, and collecting system.
IV	Vascular	Main renal artery or vein injury with contained hemorrhage.
V	Laceration	Completely shattered kidney.
V	Vascular	Avulsion of renal hilum that devascularises kidney.

Burn Thickness Chart

Thickness	Deepest Skin Structure Involved	Pain & Sensation	Appearance	Expected Course	Image
Superficial (first-degree)	Epidermis	Painful	Dry, erythema (no blisters) Blanching (intact cap refill)	Heals without scarring, 5-10 days
Superficial Partial (second-degree)	Superficial dermis (papillary region)	Painful	Wet, pale pink, blisters Blanching (intact cap refill)	Heals without scarring, <3 weeks
Deep Partial (second-degree)	Deep dermis (reticular region)	Decreased sensation	Pale white-yellow, blisters Does not blanch (absent cap refill)	Heals in 3-8 weeks Likely to scar if healing >3 weeks May require skin-graft if does not heal within 3 weeks
Full (third-degree)	Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)	Decreased sensation	White, leathery Does not blanch (absent cap refill)	Heals by contracture, >8 weeks Almost always requires skin grafting
Fourth-degree	Underlying fat, muscle and bone	Decreased sensation	Black; charred with eschar Does not blanch (absent cap refill)	Does not heal Frequently requires amputation