Mannitol

General

• Type: Sugar Alcohol, derived from mannose, stereo-isomer of sorbitol
• Dosage Forms: Reconstituted powder and solution, 5% and 10% in 1000 ml containers; 15% in 500 ml containers, 20% in 250 ml and 500 ml containers; and 25% in 50 ml flip-top vials. IV
• Common Trade Names: Mannitol, Osmitrol

Adult Dosing

Elevated intracranial pressure

• 0.25-2 G/kg given every 6 to 8 hours
  • Should be given as a one time bolus (may be inferior to Hypertonic Saline)

Pediatric Dosing

For Cerebral Edema: 0.25-1 g/kg IV initially; maintenance dose of 0.25-0.5 g/kg IV q4-6hr

Special Populations

• Pregnancy Rating: C
• Lactation:
• Renal Dosing
  • Adult
  • Pediatric
• Hepatic Dosing
  • Adult
  • Pediatric

Indications

• Lowering ICP with signs of impending herniation or severely deteriorating mental status in context of known trauma or intracranial lesion exerting mass effect

Contraindications

• Allergy to class/drug

Pharmacology

• Half-life:
• Metabolism:
• Excretion:
• Mechanism of Action: