Mannitol
General
- Type: Sugar Alcohol, derived from mannose, stereo-isomer of sorbitol
- Dosage Forms: Reconstituted powder and solution, 5% and 10% in 1000 ml containers; 15% in 500 ml containers, 20% in 250 ml and 500 ml containers; and 25% in 50 ml flip-top vials; IV[1]
- Common Trade Names: Mannitol, Osmitrol
Adult Dosing
Elevated intracranial pressure
- 0.25-2 G/kg given every 6 to 8 hours[2]
- Should be given as a one time bolus (may be inferior to Hypertonic Saline)[3]
Pediatric Dosing
For Cerebral Edema: 0.25-1 g/kg IV initially; maintenance dose of 0.25-0.5 g/kg IV q4-6hr
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation:
- Renal Dosing
- Adult
- Pediatric
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult
- Pediatric
Indications
- Lowering ICP with signs of impending herniation or severely deteriorating mental status in context of known trauma or intracranial lesion exerting mass effect
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
Common
Pharmacology
- Half-life:
- Metabolism:
- Excretion:
- Mechanism of Action: