Tubo-ovarian abscess

Clinical Features

• Disproportionate unilateral adnexal tenderness or adnexal mass or fullness
• Suspect in pt who does not respond after 72hr of treatment for PID

Differential Diagnosis

Acute Pelvic Pain

Differential diagnosis of acute pelvic pain

Gynecologic/Obstetric

• Normal variants may be noted on exam but generally do not cause pain or other symptoms
  • Nabothian cysts: Epithelial cells within mucous glans that appear as yellow inclusions on the cervix
  • Cervical Ectropion: Edothelial cells on the exterior of the cervix
  • Parous cervix: The is no longer round but may have multiple shapes after birth
• Pregnancy-related
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Spontaneous abortion, threatened or incomplete
  • Septic abortion
• Pelvic organ prolapse
• Acute Infections
  • Herpes
  • Cervicitis
  • Endometritis
  • Bartholin gland abscess
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
  • Tubo-ovarian abscess
• Vulvovaginitis
  • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • Candida Vaginitis
  • Trichomonas
  • Contact Vulvovaginitis
  • Atrophic vaginitis
• Adnexal Disorders
  • Hemorrhage/rupture of ovarian cyst
  • Ovarian torsion
  • Twisted paraovarian cyst
• Other
  • Myoma (degenerating)
  • Genitourinary trauma
  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
  • Sexual assault
• Recurrent
  • Mittelschmerz
  • Primary/Secondary Dysmenorrhea
  • Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
  • Endometriosis

Genitourinary

• Cystitis
• Pyelonephritis
• Urethritis (e.g. N. gonorrhoeae/Chlamydia)
• Urolithiasis

Gastrointestinal

• Gastroenteritis
• Appendicitis
• Bowel obstruction
• Perirectal abscess
• Diverticulitis
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Mesenteric adenitis

Musculoskeletal

• Abdominal wall hematoma
• Psoas hematoma, psoas abscess
• Hernia

Vascular

• Pelvic thrombophlebitis
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm
• Ischemic bowel (Mesenteric Ischemia)

Management

• OB/GYN consult
  • Majority (60-80%) resolve with antibiotics alone

Inpatient

• Cefoxitin 2gm IV q6hr OR cefotetan 2gm IV q12hr) + doxycycline PO or IV 100 mg q12hr OR
• Clindamycin 900mg IV q8h + gentamicin 2mg/kg QD OR
• Ampicillin-sulbactam 3gm IV q6hr + doxycycline 100mg IV/PO q12hr

Disposition

• Admission

See Also

• PID