Acromioclavicular joint injury: Difference between revisions
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==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
# Type 1 | #Type 1 | ||
## Rest, ice, | ##Rest, ice, sling | ||
## ROM and strengthening exercises | ##ROM and strengthening exercises as soon as tolerated | ||
## Return to sport or work is limited only by pain | ##Return to sport or work is limited only by pain | ||
# Type 2 | # Type 2 | ||
## Rest, ice, | ## Rest, ice, sling x3-7 days | ||
## ROM and strenghtnening exercises as soon as tolerated | ##ROM and strenghtnening exercises as soon as tolerated | ||
## Return to sport or work once full ROM and strength are regained | ## Return to sport or work once full ROM and strength are regained | ||
# Type 3 | #Type 3 | ||
## Rest ice, | ##Rest, ice, sling x2-3 weeks | ||
## ROM and strengthening exercises | ##ROM and strengthening exercises as soon as tolerated | ||
## | ##Return to sport or work 6-12 weeks following injury | ||
## Ortho consultation within 1 week | ##Ortho consultation within 1 week | ||
# | #Types 4-6 | ||
## Require orthopedic evaluation; emergent if neurovascular compromise exists | ##Require orthopedic evaluation; emergent if neurovascular compromise exists | ||
==Images== | |||
[[File:AC_Joint_Separation.jpg]] | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
[[Shoulder (Acute - Trauma)]] | [[Shoulder (Acute - Trauma)]] | ||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
UpToDate | *UpToDate | ||
*Tintinalli | |||
[[Category:Ortho]] | [[Category:Ortho]] |
Revision as of 02:17, 11 February 2012
Background
- Occurs via direct trauma to the adducted shoulder
- Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments may be affected
- Routine use of stress radiographs is controversial (low yield)
Diagnosis
- Tenderness directly over AC joint (w/ possible deformity)
- AC compression test
- Passively flex arm so it's parallel with ground; then passively adduct across body
- Pain suggests AC joint injury
- Passively flex arm so it's parallel with ground; then passively adduct across body
Imaging
- AP shoulder (highly consider comparison view)
- AC joint
- Normal width of AC joint in adults is 1-3mm
- By age 60 width is often less than 1mm
- Children and adolescents have a slightly wider joint space
- CC joint
- Normal distance is 11-13mm
- Comparison to opposite CC joint space is more important
- Increase in CC distance of 25-50% indicates complete CC ligament disruption
- Zanca view (AP w/ 10-15 degree cephalic tilt)
- Consider if AP view is ambiguous, concern for type II injury or distal clavicle injury
- Axillary view
- Obtain if coracoid tenderness is present to rule-out associated coracoid fx
- Helps to confirm ant-post position of clavicle in injury types III-IV
- AC joint
Classification
- Type 1
- AC ligament sprain; AC joint intact
- Exam
- Mild swelling, no deformity
- CC ligaments are nontender
- Only distal-most 1-2cm of clavicle is tender
- Active overhead and cross-body ROM are limited by pain
- X-ray
- Often no abnormality is seen on xray; slight widening of the AC joint may occur
- Type 2
- AC ligament torn; coracoclavicular (CC) ligament may be partially torn but is intact
- Exam
- Prominent and tender AC joint w/ significant swelling
- Minimal tenderness of CC ligaments reflecting lack of significant injury
- May be instability of the distal clavicle in the horizontal plane
- X-ray
- Partial elevation of the distal clavicle w/ no or minimal widening of CC distance
- Type 3
- AC and CC ligaments torn; complete dislocation of the joint
- Exam
- Deformity of the AC joint is clearly visible
- Marked tenderness of CC ligaments (helps distinguish Type 3 from type 2)
- X-ray
- Elevated distal clavicle and increased CC distance
- Distal clavicle is positioned above the plane of the top of the acromion
- Type 4
- Complete dislocation w/ posterior displacement of distal clavicle in/through trapezius
- Exam
- Palpable posterior fullness or deformity despite significant swelling
- SC dislocation may be appreciated
- X-ray
- Axillary view required to visualize the posterior dislocation
- Type 5
- More severe form of type III injury
- Superior dislocation of the joint of 1-3x the normal spacing
- CC ligament distance is increased 2-3x normal
- Disruption of the deltotrapezial fascia
- Exam
- Shoulder appears to droop
- Severe superior displacement of clavicle (may cause tenting, ischemia of skin)
- Clavicle is perhced above the muscle and does not reduce when pt shrugs shoulder
- X-ray
- Clavicle is elevated above acromion approximately 1-3x width of the clavicle
- CC distance is increased 2-3x normal range
- Type 6
- Complete dislocation w/ clavicle displaced inferiorly
- X-ray
- Complete disruption of the AC and CC ligaments
Treatment
- Type 1
- Rest, ice, sling
- ROM and strengthening exercises as soon as tolerated
- Return to sport or work is limited only by pain
- Type 2
- Rest, ice, sling x3-7 days
- ROM and strenghtnening exercises as soon as tolerated
- Return to sport or work once full ROM and strength are regained
- Type 3
- Rest, ice, sling x2-3 weeks
- ROM and strengthening exercises as soon as tolerated
- Return to sport or work 6-12 weeks following injury
- Ortho consultation within 1 week
- Types 4-6
- Require orthopedic evaluation; emergent if neurovascular compromise exists
Images
See Also
Source
- UpToDate
- Tintinalli