Acyclovir: Difference between revisions
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: | *Type: [[Antiviral]]: guanosine analog | ||
*Dosage Forms: IV, PO | *Dosage Forms: IV, PO | ||
*Common Trade Names: Zovirax | *Common Trade Names: Zovirax | ||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
*HSV Encephalitis | *[[HSV]] [[Encephalitis]] | ||
** | **10mg/kg IV q8h x 10 d | ||
*Genital/Mucocutaneous HSV | *[[Herpes Simplex Virus-2|Genital/Mucocutaneous HSV]] | ||
**Immunocompetent | **Immunocompetent | ||
***1st episode, Mild-mod: | ***1st episode, Mild-mod: 400mg PO TID x 7-10 d | ||
***1st episode, Severe: 5- | ***1st episode, Severe: 5-10mg/kg IV q8h x 2-7 d | ||
***Recurrence: | ***Recurrence: 400mg PO TID x 5 d | ||
***Suppression: | ***Suppression: 400mg PO BID | ||
**Immunocompromised | **Immunocompromised | ||
***1st episode: | ***1st episode: 400mg PO TID x 5-10 d | ||
***Recurrence: | ***Recurrence: 400mg PO TID x 5-10 d | ||
***Suppression: 400- | ***Suppression: 400-800mg PO BID-TID | ||
*Varicella | *[[Varicella]] | ||
**Immunocompetent | **Immunocompetent | ||
*** | ***800mg PO QID x 5-7 d | ||
**Immunocompromised | **Immunocompromised | ||
*** | ***10mg/kg IV q8h x 7 d | ||
*Herpes Zoster | *Herpes Zoster | ||
**Immunocompetent | **Immunocompetent | ||
*** | ***800mg PO 5x/day x 7 d | ||
**Immunocompromised | **Immunocompromised | ||
*** | ***10mg/kg IV q8h x 7 d | ||
*Zoster | *[[Herpes Zoster]] | ||
** | **Immunocompetent | ||
***800mg PO 5x/day x 7 d | |||
**Immunocompromised | |||
***10mg/kg IV q8h x 7 d | |||
*[[Herpes zoster ophthalmicus]] | |||
**800mg PO 5x/day x 7 d | |||
*HSV prophylaxis in immunocompromised | *HSV prophylaxis in immunocompromised | ||
**400- | **400-800mg PO BID-TID | ||
*HSV keratitis | *[[HSV keratitis]] | ||
** | **400mg PO 5x/day | ||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
*Neonatal HSV | |||
**40-60mg/kg/day IV divided q12h x 14-21 d | |||
*HSV encephalitis | |||
**3 mo - 11 y/o | |||
***30-45mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 14-21 d | |||
**>12 y/o | |||
***30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 14-21 d | |||
*Genital/mucocutaneous HSV | |||
**Immunocompetent | |||
***1st episode, 2-11 y/o | |||
****40-80mg/kg/day PO divided q6-8 h x 5 d, max 1g/day | |||
***1st episode, >12 y/o | |||
****1g/day PO divided 5x/day x 7-10 d | |||
**Immunocompromised | |||
***PO: >2 y/o: 1g/day PO divided 3-5x/day x 7-14 d | |||
***IV: >1 y/o: 30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-14 d | |||
*Varicella | |||
**Immunocompetent | |||
***PO: > 2 y/o: 80mg/kg/day PO divided q6h x 5 d | |||
***IV: > 1 y/o: 30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-10 d | |||
**Immunocompromised | |||
***30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-10 d | |||
*Herpes zoster | |||
**Immunocompetent | |||
***PO: > 12 y/o: 4g/day PO divided 5x/day x 5-7 d | |||
***IV: 30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-10 d | |||
**Immunocompromised | |||
***30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-10 d | |||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: B | *[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: B | ||
*Lactation: Safe | *[[Lactation Risk Categories]]: Safe | ||
*Renal Dosing | *Renal Dosing | ||
**Adult | **Adult | ||
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****CrCl 25-50 give q12h | ****CrCl 25-50 give q12h | ||
****CrCl 10-24 give q24h | ****CrCl 10-24 give q24h | ||
****CrCl <10 | ****CrCl <10 decrease dose 50%, give q24h | ||
****HD give usual dose as supplement | ****HD give usual dose as supplement | ||
****PD no supplement | ****PD no supplement | ||
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****PD: no supplement | ****PD: no supplement | ||
**Pediatric | **Pediatric | ||
**Geriatric | |||
***Refer to adult dosing. Oral: Initial doses should begin at the low end of the dosage range | |||
*Hepatic Dosing | *Hepatic Dosing | ||
**Not defined | **Not defined | ||
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==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
*Allergy to class/drug | *Allergy to class/drug | ||
==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*[[Hallucinations]] / [[psychosis]] | |||
*[[Seizure]] | |||
*[[Coma]] | |||
*[[Encephalopathy]] | |||
*[[Thrombocytopenia]] | |||
*[[Leukopenia]] | |||
*[[Anaphylaxis]] | |||
*[[Angioedema]] | |||
*[[Erythema Multiforme]] | |||
*[[SJS]] / [[TEN]] | |||
*[[TTP]] | |||
*[[Hepatitis]] | |||
*[[Renal failure]] | |||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
*Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea | |||
*Headache | |||
*Dizziness | |||
*Rash | |||
*Arthralgia | |||
*Confusion / lethargy | |||
*Elev. BUN/creatinine | |||
*Photosensitivity | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
*Half-life: 2.5 - 3.3 hrs | *Half-life: 2.5 - 3.3 hrs | ||
*Metabolism: | *Metabolism: virally infected cells (intracellularly); liver | ||
*Excretion: Urine | *Excretion: Urine | ||
*Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA polymerase | *Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA polymerase | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
== | ==References== | ||
*Epocrates 2015 | |||
*Acetazolamide injection [prescribing information]. Big Flats, NY: X-Gen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; October 2015. | |||
*Acetazolamide tablets [prescribing information]. Hawthorne, NY: Taro Pharmaceuticals; September 2013. | |||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]] |
Latest revision as of 16:38, 19 September 2019
General
- Type: Antiviral: guanosine analog
- Dosage Forms: IV, PO
- Common Trade Names: Zovirax
Adult Dosing
- HSV Encephalitis
- 10mg/kg IV q8h x 10 d
- Genital/Mucocutaneous HSV
- Immunocompetent
- 1st episode, Mild-mod: 400mg PO TID x 7-10 d
- 1st episode, Severe: 5-10mg/kg IV q8h x 2-7 d
- Recurrence: 400mg PO TID x 5 d
- Suppression: 400mg PO BID
- Immunocompromised
- 1st episode: 400mg PO TID x 5-10 d
- Recurrence: 400mg PO TID x 5-10 d
- Suppression: 400-800mg PO BID-TID
- Immunocompetent
- Varicella
- Immunocompetent
- 800mg PO QID x 5-7 d
- Immunocompromised
- 10mg/kg IV q8h x 7 d
- Immunocompetent
- Herpes Zoster
- Immunocompetent
- 800mg PO 5x/day x 7 d
- Immunocompromised
- 10mg/kg IV q8h x 7 d
- Immunocompetent
- Herpes Zoster
- Immunocompetent
- 800mg PO 5x/day x 7 d
- Immunocompromised
- 10mg/kg IV q8h x 7 d
- Immunocompetent
- Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
- 800mg PO 5x/day x 7 d
- HSV prophylaxis in immunocompromised
- 400-800mg PO BID-TID
- HSV keratitis
- 400mg PO 5x/day
Pediatric Dosing
- Neonatal HSV
- 40-60mg/kg/day IV divided q12h x 14-21 d
- HSV encephalitis
- 3 mo - 11 y/o
- 30-45mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 14-21 d
- >12 y/o
- 30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 14-21 d
- 3 mo - 11 y/o
- Genital/mucocutaneous HSV
- Immunocompetent
- 1st episode, 2-11 y/o
- 40-80mg/kg/day PO divided q6-8 h x 5 d, max 1g/day
- 1st episode, >12 y/o
- 1g/day PO divided 5x/day x 7-10 d
- 1st episode, 2-11 y/o
- Immunocompromised
- PO: >2 y/o: 1g/day PO divided 3-5x/day x 7-14 d
- IV: >1 y/o: 30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-14 d
- Immunocompetent
- Varicella
- Immunocompetent
- PO: > 2 y/o: 80mg/kg/day PO divided q6h x 5 d
- IV: > 1 y/o: 30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-10 d
- Immunocompromised
- 30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-10 d
- Immunocompetent
- Herpes zoster
- Immunocompetent
- PO: > 12 y/o: 4g/day PO divided 5x/day x 5-7 d
- IV: 30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-10 d
- Immunocompromised
- 30mg/kg/day IV divided q8h x 7-10 d
- Immunocompetent
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: B
- Lactation Risk Categories: Safe
- Renal Dosing
- Adult
- IV
- CrCl 25-50 give q12h
- CrCl 10-24 give q24h
- CrCl <10 decrease dose 50%, give q24h
- HD give usual dose as supplement
- PD no supplement
- PO
- CrCl <25: see package insert
- HD: give usual dose as supplement
- PD: no supplement
- IV
- Pediatric
- Geriatric
- Refer to adult dosing. Oral: Initial doses should begin at the low end of the dosage range
- Adult
- Hepatic Dosing
- Not defined
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Hallucinations / psychosis
- Seizure
- Coma
- Encephalopathy
- Thrombocytopenia
- Leukopenia
- Anaphylaxis
- Angioedema
- Erythema Multiforme
- SJS / TEN
- TTP
- Hepatitis
- Renal failure
Common
- Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Rash
- Arthralgia
- Confusion / lethargy
- Elev. BUN/creatinine
- Photosensitivity
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 2.5 - 3.3 hrs
- Metabolism: virally infected cells (intracellularly); liver
- Excretion: Urine
- Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA polymerase
See Also
References
- Epocrates 2015
- Acetazolamide injection [prescribing information]. Big Flats, NY: X-Gen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; October 2015.
- Acetazolamide tablets [prescribing information]. Hawthorne, NY: Taro Pharmaceuticals; September 2013.