Adenosine: Difference between revisions
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***Blocks adenosine binding at receptor sites (competitive antagonist) and can lead to bronchospasm | ***Blocks adenosine binding at receptor sites (competitive antagonist) and can lead to bronchospasm | ||
**Consider using lower dose (1st 3mg, 2nd/3rd 6mg) in patient taking [[carbamazepine]] (Tegretol), [[diazepam]] (Valium) or [[dipyridamole]] (Persantine) '''OR''' with a heart transplant. | **Consider using lower dose (1st 3mg, 2nd/3rd 6mg) in patient taking [[carbamazepine]] (Tegretol), [[diazepam]] (Valium) or [[dipyridamole]] (Persantine) '''OR''' with a heart transplant. | ||
*Traditionally given via stopcock with immediate flush secondary to very short half life. Newer study showing that you may be able to mix with normal saline and give as single push, however further evidence is still needed<ref>Single syringe administration of diluted adenosine McDowell M, Mokszycki R, Greenberg A, et al. [published online October 30, 2019] Acad Emerg Med. doi:10.1111/acem.13879</ref>. | |||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
''PALS guidelines for infants, children, and adolescents<ref>PALS [Klienman 2010]</ref>'' | |||
''See [[critical care quick reference]] for drug doses by weight.'' | ''See [[critical care quick reference]] for drug doses by weight.'' | ||
*0.1mg/kg rapid IV/IO push (max 6mg/dose) | |||
**If not effective, increase to 0.2 mg/kg (max 12mg/dose) | |||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
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*All other uses: N/A; drug unlikely to be used during breastfeeding based on indication | *All other uses: N/A; drug unlikely to be used during breastfeeding based on indication | ||
===Renal Dosing=== | ===Renal Dosing<ref>Adenosine: Drug information. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Accessed April 2, 2019. </ref>=== | ||
*Adult | *Adult | ||
** Not defined - not renally eliminated | ** Not defined - not renally eliminated | ||
| Line 36: | Line 40: | ||
** Not defined - not renally eliminated | ** Not defined - not renally eliminated | ||
===Hepatic Dosing=== | ===Hepatic Dosing<ref>Adenosine: Drug information. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Accessed April 2, 2019. </ref>=== | ||
*Adult | *Adult | ||
** Not defined - not | ** Not defined - not hepatically eliminated | ||
*Pediatric | *Pediatric | ||
** Not defined - not | ** Not defined - not hepatically eliminated | ||
==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
| Line 67: | Line 71: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | [[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
Revision as of 01:22, 13 February 2020
See critical care quick reference for drug doses by weight.
General
- Type: Antiarrhythmics
- Dosage Forms: IV
- Common Trade Names: Adenocard, Adenoscan
Indications
- Conversion of reentrant PSVT to NSR
Adult Dosing
Stable, narrow complex tachycardia
- 6mg rapid IV push over 1-2s
- If ineffective can try 12mg 2min later
- If still ineffective can try another 12mg
- Caveat
- For patients taking methylxanthines (ie caffeine, theophylline):
- Blocks adenosine binding at receptor sites (competitive antagonist) and can lead to bronchospasm
- Consider using lower dose (1st 3mg, 2nd/3rd 6mg) in patient taking carbamazepine (Tegretol), diazepam (Valium) or dipyridamole (Persantine) OR with a heart transplant.
- For patients taking methylxanthines (ie caffeine, theophylline):
- Traditionally given via stopcock with immediate flush secondary to very short half life. Newer study showing that you may be able to mix with normal saline and give as single push, however further evidence is still needed[1].
Pediatric Dosing
PALS guidelines for infants, children, and adolescents[2] See critical care quick reference for drug doses by weight.
- 0.1mg/kg rapid IV/IO push (max 6mg/dose)
- If not effective, increase to 0.2 mg/kg (max 12mg/dose)
Special Populations
Pregnancy Rating
- May use during pregnancy; risk of fetal harm not expected based on limited human data
Lactation
- Cardiac Stress Testing: may use while breastfeeding; no human data available, though risk of infant harm and adverse effects on milk production not expected based on drug properties.
- All other uses: N/A; drug unlikely to be used during breastfeeding based on indication
Renal Dosing[3]
- Adult
- Not defined - not renally eliminated
- Pediatric
- Not defined - not renally eliminated
Hepatic Dosing[4]
- Adult
- Not defined - not hepatically eliminated
- Pediatric
- Not defined - not hepatically eliminated
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- 2nd, 3rd AV block
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Reentrant SVTs not involving AV node are not terminated
- No effect on anterograde WPW
Adverse Reactions
- Bronchoconstriction (responds to bronchodilators)
- Bradyarrhythmia
- Hypotension(if given too slowly)
Pharmacology
- Kinetics: Onset of action = 20-30s Duration of action = 60-90s
- Half-life: <10 seconds
- Metabolism: vascular endothelial cells
- Excretion:
Mechanism of Action
- Negative inotropic, dromotropic, chronotropic effects
- Transient AV nodal block
See Also
References
- ↑ Single syringe administration of diluted adenosine McDowell M, Mokszycki R, Greenberg A, et al. [published online October 30, 2019] Acad Emerg Med. doi:10.1111/acem.13879
- ↑ PALS [Klienman 2010]
- ↑ Adenosine: Drug information. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Accessed April 2, 2019.
- ↑ Adenosine: Drug information. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Accessed April 2, 2019.