Alprazolam: Difference between revisions
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: [[Benzodiazepines]] | *Type: [[Benzodiazepines]] | ||
*Dosage Forms: ODT Immediate Release - 0.25, 0.5, 1, | *Dosage Forms: ODT Immediate Release - 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2mg tablets. Extended Release - 0.5, 1, 2, 3mg tablets, Oral liquid, 1mg/mL | ||
*Common Trade Names: Xanax | *Common Trade Names: Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam | ||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
Anxiety 0.25-0.5mg PO TID, Max: 4mg/day | *[[Anxiety]]: 0.25-0.5mg PO TID, Max: 4mg/day | ||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
<18 years old: Not recommended | |||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: | *[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: D | ||
*Lactation: | *[[Lactation risk]]: L3<ref>Armstrong C. "ACOG Guidelines on Psychiatric Medication Use During Pregnancy and Lactation". Am Fam Physician. 2008 Sep 15;78(6):772-778.</ref> | ||
*Renal Dosing: no adjustment | *Renal Dosing: no adjustment | ||
*Hepatic Dosing: | *Hepatic Dosing: | ||
** | **Start at min dose, slowly up-titrate dose amount and frequency to max of 4mg/day | ||
==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
*Sleep apnea | *Sleep apnea | ||
*Concomitant Alcohol use | *Concomitant Alcohol use | ||
* | *Concomitant CNS depressant use | ||
*Elderly | *Elderly | ||
*Abuse history | *Abuse history | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
*Abuse | *Abuse | ||
*Hypotension | *Hypotension | ||
*Syncope | *[[Syncope]] | ||
*Hepatotoxicity | *Hepatotoxicity | ||
*Angioedema | *[[Angioedema]] | ||
*Steven-Johnson Syndrome | *[[Steven-Johnson Syndrome]] | ||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
*Altered mental status (drowsiness, fatigue, amnesia, impaired concentration, impaired coordination) | *Altered mental status (drowsiness, fatigue, amnesia, impaired concentration, impaired coordination) | ||
*Urinary incontinence/retention | *Urinary incontinence/retention | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
*Half-life: | *Half-life: ~11hr | ||
*Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP450:3A4 substrate | *Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP450:3A4 substrate | ||
*Excretion: Urine | *Excretion: Urine | ||
| Line 50: | Line 49: | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:Psychiatry]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:44, 19 September 2019
General
- Type: Benzodiazepines
- Dosage Forms: ODT Immediate Release - 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2mg tablets. Extended Release - 0.5, 1, 2, 3mg tablets, Oral liquid, 1mg/mL
- Common Trade Names: Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam
Adult Dosing
- Anxiety: 0.25-0.5mg PO TID, Max: 4mg/day
Pediatric Dosing
<18 years old: Not recommended
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: D
- Lactation risk: L3[1]
- Renal Dosing: no adjustment
- Hepatic Dosing:
- Start at min dose, slowly up-titrate dose amount and frequency to max of 4mg/day
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Sleep apnea
- Concomitant Alcohol use
- Concomitant CNS depressant use
- Elderly
- Abuse history
- Hepatic disease (decreased clearance)
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Respiratory depression/arrest
- Abuse
- Hypotension
- Syncope
- Hepatotoxicity
- Angioedema
- Steven-Johnson Syndrome
Common
- Altered mental status (drowsiness, fatigue, amnesia, impaired concentration, impaired coordination)
- Urinary incontinence/retention
Pharmacology
- Half-life: ~11hr
- Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP450:3A4 substrate
- Excretion: Urine
- Mechanism of Action: Enhances GABA effects by binding to specific benzodiazepine receptor
See Also
References
- ↑ Armstrong C. "ACOG Guidelines on Psychiatric Medication Use During Pregnancy and Lactation". Am Fam Physician. 2008 Sep 15;78(6):772-778.