Aplastic anemia: Difference between revisions
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*Causes: | *Causes: | ||
**drug-induced ([[chloramphenicol]], [[carbamazepine]], [[valproic acid]], [[phenytoin]]) | **drug-induced ([[chloramphenicol]], [[carbamazepine]], [[valproic acid]], [[phenytoin]]) | ||
**viral infection ([[parvovirus B19]], [[HIV]], hepatitis), especially in patients | **viral infection ([[parvovirus B19]], [[HIV]], hepatitis), especially in patients with sickle cell disease or immunocompromise | ||
**autoimmune | **autoimmune | ||
**congenital (Fanconi anemia) | **congenital (Fanconi anemia) | ||
Revision as of 23:04, 11 July 2016
Background
- absence or decreased number of hematopoietic precursor cells --> pancytopenia (anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia)
- Causes:
- drug-induced (chloramphenicol, carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenytoin)
- viral infection (parvovirus B19, HIV, hepatitis), especially in patients with sickle cell disease or immunocompromise
- autoimmune
- congenital (Fanconi anemia)
Clinical Features
- anemia
- weakness, fatigue, dyspnea
- thrombocytopenia
- mucosal bleeding, petechiae
- neutropenia
- recurrent infections, fever
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis
- CBC: pancytopenia
- Reticulocyte count: reduced or absent
- Peripheral smear
Management
- transfuse PRBCs/platelets as needed for severe anemia/thrombocytopenia
- antimicrobials if febrile and neutropenic