Bartholin gland abscess: Difference between revisions

(Text replacement - "==Diagnosis==" to "==Evaluation==")
No edit summary
(8 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
==Background==
==Background==
*Ducts of the glands drain into posterior vestibule at 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions
*Ducts of the glands drain into posterior vestibule at 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions
*A cyst does not need to be present for an abscess to develop
*A cyst does not need to be present for an [[abscess]] to develop


==Clinical Features==
==Clinical Features==
[[File:Barthonlincyst2011.png|thumb|Bartholin gland cyst (non-infected) of right labia at 7-8 o'clock position)]]
*Mass in posterior introitus near 4 o'clock or 8 o'clock position
*Mass in posterior introitus near 4 o'clock or 8 o'clock position
**May develop over days or longer time (if preceded by cyst)
**May develop over days or longer time (if preceded by cyst)
*Systemic symptoms (e.g. fever/chills) are rarely present
*Systemic symptoms (e.g. [[fever]]/chills) are rarely present


==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
Line 20: Line 21:


==Management==
==Management==
===Incision and Drainage===
===[[I&D|Incision and Drainage]]===
''I&D only perform once abscess is well-defined, walled-off structure''
''I&D only perform once [[abscess]] is well-defined, walled-off structure''
====Word Catheter====
====Word Catheter====
#Inject local anesthetic
#Inject [[local anesthetics]]
#Stab incision is made on the mucosal surface
#Stab incision is made on the mucosal surface
#Extend incision for several mm but not so many that the Word catheter will fall out
#Extend incision for several mm but not so many that the Word catheter will fall out (fully inflated it is not much larger than 1cm)
#Insert Word catheter and inflate balloon with 2-4mL of water
#Insert Word catheter and inflate balloon with 2-4mL of water. The safest way to do this is with a blunt needle tip (just long enough if pressure applied); the kit comes with a long 22-27 gauge needle but if using this be careful
#Tuck end of catheter into the vagina
#Tuck end of catheter into the vagina
#Catheter should remain in place for 4-6wk to avoid recurrence
#Catheter should remain in place for 4-6wk to avoid recurrence
Jacobi rocks
====Rubber Ring Catheter (Jacobi Ring)<ref>Gennis P, Li SF, Provataris J, Shahabuddin S, Schachtel A, Lee E, Bobby P. Jacobi ring catheter treatment of Bartholin’s abscesses. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 May;23(3):414-5</ref><ref>Kushnir VA, Mosquera C. Novel technique for management of Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses. J Emerg Med. 2009 May;36(4):388-90</ref>====
====Rubber Ring Catheter (Jacobi Ring)<ref>Gennis P, Li SF, Provataris J, Shahabuddin S, Schachtel A, Lee E, Bobby P. Jacobi ring catheter treatment of Bartholin’s abscesses. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 May;23(3):414-5</ref><ref>Kushnir VA, Mosquera C. Novel technique for management of Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses. J Emerg Med. 2009 May;36(4):388-90</ref>====
[[File:Jacobi.jpg|thumb|<ref>[http://www.ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-6757(05)00083-5/fulltext AEJM artle]</ref>]]
[[File:Jacobi.jpg|thumb|<ref>[http://www.ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-6757(05)00083-5/fulltext AEJM artle]</ref>]]
Line 36: Line 39:
#Inject local anesthetic
#Inject local anesthetic
#Stab incision is made on the mucosal surface
#Stab incision is made on the mucosal surface
#Pass hemostat into abscess cavity to lyse adhesions, and tunnel to make indentation for second incision
#Pass hemostat into [[abscess]] cavity to lyse adhesions, and tunnel to make indentation for second incision
#Grab one end of Jacobi ring and pull through abscess cavity
#Grab one end of Jacobi ring and pull through [[abscess]] cavity
#Tie two ends to form closed ring. DO NOT TIE TOO TIGHT (pressure necrosis risk)
#Tie two ends to form closed ring. DO NOT TIE TOO TIGHT (pressure necrosis risk)


===Antibiotics===
===Antibiotics===
*Cefixime 400mg PO QD x7d + [[clindamycin]] 300mg PO QID x7d
*[[Cefixime]] 400mg PO QD x7d + [[clindamycin]] 300mg PO QID x7d


===Wound Care===
===Wound Care===
*Sitz bath x2 days
*Sitz bath x2 days
*Abstain from vaginal intercourse
*Abstain from vaginal intercourse
*Refer to GYN if >40yr (might need biopsy to r/o CA) and recurrence (complete excision vs. marsupialization)
*Refer to GYN if >40yr (might need biopsy to rule out CA) and recurrence (complete excision vs. marsupialization)


==Disposition==
==Disposition==

Revision as of 22:24, 16 May 2020

Background

  • Ducts of the glands drain into posterior vestibule at 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions
  • A cyst does not need to be present for an abscess to develop

Clinical Features

Bartholin gland cyst (non-infected) of right labia at 7-8 o'clock position)
  • Mass in posterior introitus near 4 o'clock or 8 o'clock position
    • May develop over days or longer time (if preceded by cyst)
  • Systemic symptoms (e.g. fever/chills) are rarely present

Differential Diagnosis

  • Cysts of other glandular structures
  • Leiomyoma
  • Lipoma
  • Carcinoma (consider in older women who present with introital mass)

Skin and Soft Tissue Infection

Look-A-Likes

Evaluation

  • Usually clinical diagnosis

Management

Incision and Drainage

I&D only perform once abscess is well-defined, walled-off structure

Word Catheter

  1. Inject local anesthetics
  2. Stab incision is made on the mucosal surface
  3. Extend incision for several mm but not so many that the Word catheter will fall out (fully inflated it is not much larger than 1cm)
  4. Insert Word catheter and inflate balloon with 2-4mL of water. The safest way to do this is with a blunt needle tip (just long enough if pressure applied); the kit comes with a long 22-27 gauge needle but if using this be careful
  5. Tuck end of catheter into the vagina
  6. Catheter should remain in place for 4-6wk to avoid recurrence

Jacobi rocks

Rubber Ring Catheter (Jacobi Ring)[1][2]

Less cumbersome for the patient and less likely to fall out and similar in procedure as a loop drain for a cutaneous abscess

  1. Additional equipment: 7-cm length of an 8–French T tube (can also use tubing from butterfly catheter) threaded with a 20-cm length of 2-0 silk suture.
  2. Inject local anesthetic
  3. Stab incision is made on the mucosal surface
  4. Pass hemostat into abscess cavity to lyse adhesions, and tunnel to make indentation for second incision
  5. Grab one end of Jacobi ring and pull through abscess cavity
  6. Tie two ends to form closed ring. DO NOT TIE TOO TIGHT (pressure necrosis risk)

Antibiotics

Wound Care

  • Sitz bath x2 days
  • Abstain from vaginal intercourse
  • Refer to GYN if >40yr (might need biopsy to rule out CA) and recurrence (complete excision vs. marsupialization)

Disposition

  • Usually outpatient management

See Also

References

  1. Gennis P, Li SF, Provataris J, Shahabuddin S, Schachtel A, Lee E, Bobby P. Jacobi ring catheter treatment of Bartholin’s abscesses. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 May;23(3):414-5
  2. Kushnir VA, Mosquera C. Novel technique for management of Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses. J Emerg Med. 2009 May;36(4):388-90
  3. AEJM artle
  4. AEJM artle