Blood products: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | |||
{{Transfusion risk}} | |||
== | ==Products== | ||
=== | ===Types=== | ||
*[[Packed red blood cells]] | |||
*[[Platelet transfusion]] | |||
*[[Fresh frozen plasma]] | |||
*[[Cryoprecipitate transfusion]] | |||
*[[Humate-P]] | |||
*[[Prothrombin complex concentrates]] | |||
=== | ==Unit Conversions== | ||
{{Blood product unit conversions}} | |||
== | ==Special Considerations== | ||
{{Leukocyte Irradiated and Reduced (Depleted) Blood Products}} | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[ | *[[Acute transfusion reaction]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Massive transfusion]] | ||
*[[Coagulopathy (main)]] | |||
*[[Tranexamic acid]] | |||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pharmacology]] | ||
[[Category:Heme/Onc]] | [[Category:Heme/Onc]] | ||
Revision as of 17:59, 23 September 2018
Background
Transfusion Risk Ratios[1]
| Rate | Complication |
| 1:10 | Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction per pool of 5 donor units of platelets (1 pack) |
| 1:100 | Minor allergic reactions (urticaria) |
| 1:300 | Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction per unit of RBC (1 pack) |
| 1:700 | Transfusion-associated circulatory overload per transfusion episode |
| 1:5,000 | Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) |
| 1:7,000 | Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction |
| 1:10,000 | Symptomatic bacterial sepsis per pool of 5 donor units of platelets |
| 1:40,000 | Death from bacterial sepsis per pool of 5 donor units of platelets |
| 1:40,000 | ABO-incompatible transfusion per RBC transfusion episode |
| 1:40,000 | Serious allergic reaction per unit of component |
| 1:82,000 | Transmission of hepatitis B virus per unit of component |
| 1:100,000 | Symptomatic bacterial sepsis per unit of RBC |
| 1:500,000 | Death from bacterial sepsis per unit of RBC |
| 1:1,000,000 | Transmission of West Nile Virus |
| 1:3,000,000 | Transmission of HTLV per unit of component |
| 1:3,100,000 | Transmission of hepatitis C virus per unit of component |
| 1:4,700,000 | Transmission of HIV per unit of component |
Products
Types
- Packed red blood cells
- Platelet transfusion
- Fresh frozen plasma
- Cryoprecipitate transfusion
- Humate-P
- Prothrombin complex concentrates
Unit Conversions
Blood product unit conversions
- PRBC: 1 bag = 1 unit = 350 mL
- FFP: 1 bag = 1 unit = 250 mL
- Platelets: 1 bag = 1 pack = 5 units = 250 mL
- Cryoprecipitate: 1 bag = 5 units = 200 mL
Special Considerations
Leukocyte Irradiated and Reduced (Depleted) Blood Products[2]
- Leukocyte reduced: Prevents sensitization in patients who may require bone marrow transplant
- Irradiated: Eliminates capacity of T-cells to proliferate (prevents Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease)
- If tranfusion required for crashing patient, do not delay tranfusion of uncrossed blood to irradiate products beforehand
- Requires minimum 25 Gy irradiation, not to exceed 50 Gy for all:
- Packed red cells
- Platelets
- Granulocyte components, regardless of immunocompetency
- First or second degree relatives, regardless of immunocompetency
- HLA-selected components, regardless of immunocompetency
- Irradiated products should be administered shortly after irradiation
- Those products not used for intended recipient may be returned safely to stock for others not requiring irradiated components, though with reduced shelf life
- Not necessary to irradiate FFP, cryoprecipitate, fractioned plasma products
Generally Accepted Indications For Irradiated Blood Products[3][4]
- Immunocompromised stem cell recipients
- Organ transplant recipients
- Patients undergoing marrow transplantation
- Intrauterine transfusion
- Neonatal exchange transfusions
- Premature and low birthweight neonates
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Congenital cell-mediated immunodeficiencies (DiGeorge, Wiskott-Aldrich, Leiner's, 5'-nucelotidase deficiency)
- Acquired immunodeficiencies to include:
- Leukemia, CLL
- Aplastic anemia
- Neutropenia
- Patients receiving:
- Purine analogue chemotherapies (fludarabine, cladribine, deoxycoformicin, bendamustine, clofarabine, etc.)
- Certain biologic immunosuppresants (alemtuzumab)
- Donations from biologic relatives
- Donations from HLA-matched donors
- Genetically homogenous populations
- Probably indicated int:
- Hematologic malignancies other than Hodgkin lymphoma
- Solid tumors treated with cytotoxic agents
Indications For Leukoreduced Blood Products[5]
- Chronically transfused
- Cardiac surgery
- Solid organ or stem cell transplant recipients, before and after
- Previous febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions
- CMV seronegative patients at risk
Not Routinely Needing Irradiated Products
- HIV, AIDS
- Concurrent, non-severe common viral infection
- Rituximab treatment
- Routine solid organ transplant
- Routine infant cardiac surgery
See Also
References
- ↑ Wagner, L. Why Should Clinicians Be Concerned about Blood Conservation? ITACCS. 2005 PDF
- ↑ Treleaven J et al. Guidelines on the use of irradiated blood components: Prepared by the BCSH Blood Transfusion Task Force. British Society for Haematology. Jan 2013. http://www.bcshguidelines.com/documents/irrad_bcsh_072010.pdf
- ↑ Guidelines on the use of irradiated blood components prepared by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology blood transfusion task force. Treleaven J, Gennery A, Marsh J, Norfolk D, Page L, Parker A, Saran F, Thurston J, Webb D. Br J Haematol. 2011;152(1):35.
- ↑ 2.AABB Technical Manual, 17th ed, Roback JD, Grossman BJ, Harris T, et al, (Eds). American Association of Blood Banks Press, Bethesda 2011. p.755.
- ↑ The reintroduction of nonleukoreduced blood: would patients and clinicians agree? Rosenbaum L, Tomasulo P, Lipton KS, Ness P. Transfusion. 2011 Dec;51(12):2739-43. Epub 2011 May 26.