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| == Virology ==
| | #REDIRECT[[COVID-19]] |
| *[[Coronaviruses]] are common human pathogens
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| **Cause the common cold
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| **In epidemics, cause up to one-third of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections in adults; and may cause diarrhea in infants and children
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| *[[SARS-CoV-2]] is a novel coronavirus (a new strain not previously identified in humans)
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| **Likely primary source = bats
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| **It is a betacoronavirus in the same subgenus as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus is another, more distantly related, betacoronavirus. Like the SARS coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2] for cell entry
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| == Pathophysiology ==
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| *[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome|ARDS]] - Possibly due to direct alveolar damage by the virus AND inflammatory reaction. <ref>Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(4):420-422. doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30076-x</ref>
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| *[[Cytokine release syndrome|Cytokine Storm]]
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| ==Epidemiology==
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| * Disease Severity
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| ** 80% have mild symptoms
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| ** 15% have severe disease requiring hospitalisation
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| ** 5% require mechanical ventilation
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| * Risk Factors
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| **Older age
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| **Underlying conditions (lung disease, Renal Failure, Malignancy, heart disease, [[diabetes]])
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| [[File:Ro example.png|thumb|Ro Example]]
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| *Reproduction Number (R0) [[SARS-CoV-2]]:
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| ** R0 = 2.2 - 4.2
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| ** Where R0 = expected number of secondary cases produced by a single typical infection in a susceptible population (basic reproductive rate)
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| ** R0 for seasonal flu ~ 1.3
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| ** R0 for pandemic flu ~ 1.5-1.8
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| * Incubation Period:
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| ** Incubation = 5 days (median); range of 2-14 days
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| ** Serial interval duration = 7.5 days
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| *** Serial interval refers to the time from illness onset in successive cases in a transmission chain
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| *Surface survival time of [[SARS-CoV-2]]:
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| **stainless steel: persists for 3 hours (or longer)
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| **underscores the importance of environmental cleaning / disinfection
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| **cleaning gets rid of the proteins that would interfere with a disinfectants effectiveness
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| ***Note: studied in a simulated lab environment. Lab virions not covered in protein and mucus and other things that would mimic real life and that could prolong survival
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| ==See Also==
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| {{COVID see also}}
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| ==References==
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| [[Category:COVID-19]]
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