Central nervous system tumor: Difference between revisions

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*[[Focal neuro deficit]]s
*[[Focal neuro deficit]]s
**[[Cranial nerve palsies]]
**[[Cranial nerve palsies]]
**Behavioral changes, psychosis
**Behavioral changes, [[psychosis]]
**Focal [[weakness]]
**Focal [[weakness]]
**Focal sensory deficits
**Focal [[numbness|sensory deficits]]
**Abnormal [[reflexes]]
**Abnormal [[reflexes]]
**Endocrinopathies (craniopharyngiomas and other suprasellar tumors)
**Endocrinopathies (craniopharyngiomas and other suprasellar tumors)
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***[[Dexamethasone]] 10-20mg IV, followed by 4mg IV q6h
***[[Dexamethasone]] 10-20mg IV, followed by 4mg IV q6h
**Elevate head of bed to 30 degrees, provide adequate sedation in intubated patients
**Elevate head of bed to 30 degrees, provide adequate sedation in intubated patients
**Maintain cerebral perfusion (euvolemia, vasopressors if necessary)
**Maintain cerebral perfusion (euvolemia, [[vasopressors]] if necessary)
**Consider osmotherapy (e.g. [[hypertonic saline]], [[mannitol]])
**Consider osmotherapy (e.g. [[hypertonic saline]], [[mannitol]])
*Treat [[seizure]] with [[benzodiazepines]] +/- [[AEDs]], prophylactic AEDs are not recommended
*Treat [[seizure]] with [[benzodiazepines]] +/- [[AEDs]], prophylactic AEDs are not recommended

Revision as of 00:02, 1 October 2019

Background

  • Metastatic tumors more common than primary CNS in adults
  • CNS tumors are second most common pediatric cancer, leading cause of cancer-related death in children
  • Most primary tumors in children are infratentorial, whereas most infratentorial masses in adults are metastases

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Evaluation

  • CT head
  • MRI required for small tumors or areas not well visualized on CT (e.g. posterior fossa)
  • Evaluate for other causes of symptoms (i.e. stroke, metabolic derangement, ICH)

Management

  • See elevated ICP
    • Corticosteroids (reduce tumor capillary permeability, inflammatory cytotoxicity)
    • Elevate head of bed to 30 degrees, provide adequate sedation in intubated patients
    • Maintain cerebral perfusion (euvolemia, vasopressors if necessary)
    • Consider osmotherapy (e.g. hypertonic saline, mannitol)
  • Treat seizure with benzodiazepines +/- AEDs, prophylactic AEDs are not recommended
  • Consult neurosurgery

Disposition

See Also

External Links

References