Chloramphenicol: Difference between revisions
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: bacteriostatic | *Type: bacteriostatic [[antibiotic]] | ||
*Dosage Forms: IV, IM, eye drops | *Dosage Forms: IV, IM, eye drops | ||
*Common Trade Names:pentamycetin, chloromycetin | *Common Trade Names:pentamycetin, chloromycetin | ||
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==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
===Infection, General=== | ===Infection, General=== | ||
*50- | *50-100mg/kg/day IV divided q6h | ||
===Bacterial [[meningitis]]=== | ===Bacterial [[meningitis]]=== | ||
*4 g/day IV divided q6h | *4 g/day IV divided q6h | ||
*Alt: 75- | *Alt: 75-100mg/kg/day IV divided qgh | ||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
===Bacterial meningitis=== | ===Bacterial meningitis=== | ||
*75- | *75-100mg/kg/day IV divided q6h; Max 4g/day | ||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
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==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
* aplastic anemia | *[[aplastic anemia]] | ||
* agranulocytosis | *agranulocytosis | ||
* thrombocytopenia | *[[thrombocytopenia]] | ||
* anaphylaxis | *[[anaphylaxis]] | ||
* gray baby syndrome | *gray baby syndrome | ||
* pseudomembranous colitis | *pseudomembranous colitis | ||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
* headache | *headache | ||
* nausea, vomiting | *nausea, vomiting | ||
* diarrhea | *diarrhea | ||
* fever | *fever | ||
* rash | *rash | ||
* urticaria | *urticaria | ||
* peripheral neuropathy | *peripheral neuropathy | ||
* blurred vision | *blurred vision | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
*Half-life: | *Half-life: 1.5 - 4.1 hours | ||
*Metabolism: | *Metabolism: Liver | ||
*Excretion: | *Excretion: Urine | ||
*Mechanism of Action: | *Mechanism of Action: binds to 50S ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis | ||
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== | ==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== | ||
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*[[Antibiotics (Main)]] | *[[Antibiotics (Main)]] | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]] | |||
[[Category: |
Revision as of 23:02, 19 September 2019
General
- Type: bacteriostatic antibiotic
- Dosage Forms: IV, IM, eye drops
- Common Trade Names:pentamycetin, chloromycetin
Adult Dosing
Infection, General
- 50-100mg/kg/day IV divided q6h
Bacterial meningitis
- 4 g/day IV divided q6h
- Alt: 75-100mg/kg/day IV divided qgh
Pediatric Dosing
Bacterial meningitis
- 75-100mg/kg/day IV divided q6h; Max 4g/day
Special Populations
- Pregnancy: Category C (risk not ruled out)
- Lactation: passes into breast milk and should be avoided if possible
- Renal Dosing: minimally excreted via kidneys
- Adult: amount not defined
- Pediatric: amount not defined
- Hepatic Dosing: metabolized by the liver, therefore dose must be reduced
- Adult: amount not defined
- Pediatric: amount not defined
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- aplastic anemia
- agranulocytosis
- thrombocytopenia
- anaphylaxis
- gray baby syndrome
- pseudomembranous colitis
Common
- headache
- nausea, vomiting
- diarrhea
- fever
- rash
- urticaria
- peripheral neuropathy
- blurred vision
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 1.5 - 4.1 hours
- Metabolism: Liver
- Excretion: Urine
- Mechanism of Action: binds to 50S ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis
Antibiotic Sensitivities[1]
Key
- S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
- I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
- R resistant (or not effective clinically)
- S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
- U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
- X1 no data
- X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
- X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
- X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia
See Also
References
- ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014